Cohesion Definition and Examples in Chemistry

The word cohesion comes from the Latin word  cohaerere, which means to stick together or stay together. In chemistry, cohesion is a measure of how well molecules stick to each other or group together.  It is caused by the cohesive  attractive force between like molecules. Cohesion is an intrinsic property of a molecule, determined by its shape, structure, and electric charge distribution. When cohesive molecules approach each other, the electrical attraction between portions of each molecule holds them together. Cohesive forces are responsible for surface tension, the resistance of a surface to rupture when under stress or tension. Examples A common example of cohesion is the behavior of water molecules. Each water molecule can form four  hydrogen bonds with neighbor molecules. The strong Coulomb attraction between the molecules draws them together or makes them sticky. Because the water molecules are more strongly attracted to each other than to other molecules, they form droplets on surfaces (e.g., dew drops) and form a dome when filling a container before spilling over the sides. The surface tension produced by cohesion makes it possible for light objects to float on water without sinking (e.g., water striders walking on water). Another cohesive substance is mercury. Mercury atoms are strongly attracted to each other; they bead together on surfaces. Mercury sticks to itself when it flows. Cohesion  vs. Adhesion Cohesion and adhesion are commonly confused terms. While cohesion refers to the attraction between molecules of the same type, adhesion refers to the attraction between two different types of molecules. A combination of cohesion and adhesion is responsible for capillary action, which is what happens when water climbs up the interior of a thin glass tube or the stem of a plant. Cohesion holds the water molecules together, while adhesion helps the water molecules stick to glass or plant tissue. The smaller the diameter of the tube, the higher water can travel up it. Cohesion and adhesion are also responsible for the meniscus of liquids in glasses. The meniscus of water in a glass is highest where the water is in contact with the glass, forming a curve with its low point in the middle. The adhesion between the water and glass molecules is stronger than the cohesion between the water molecules. Mercury, on the other hand, forms a convex meniscus. The curve formed by the liquid is lowest where the metal touches the glass and highest in the middle. Thats because mercury atoms are more attracted to each other by cohesion than they are to glass by adhesion. Because the shape of the meniscus depends partly on adhesion, it will not have the same curvature if the material is changed. The meniscus of water in a glass tube is more curved than it is in a plastic tube. Some types of glass are treated with a wetting agent or surfactant to reduce the amount of adhesion so that capillary action is reduced and also so that a container delivers more water when it is poured out. Wettability or wetting, the capacity for a liquid to spread out on a surface, is another property affected by cohesion and adhesion.

Hard Times Bounderby - 800 Words

Josiah Bounderby falsely claims his success in life was a result of his hard work and never receiving help from anyone in Charles Dickens’ Hard Times. Claiming to be a self-made man grants Mr. Bounderby wide admiration in Coketown, with the exception of Tom and Louisa Gradgrind and Mrs. Sparsit, who perceive him to be an insolent person. Tom mirrors Mr. Bounderby’s selfish and hypocritical personality, but blames the old man for his rigid upbringing. Louisa cannot admire Mr. Bounderby while he shamelessly objectifies her when pursuing her romantically. At the same time, Mrs. Sparsit values Mr. Bounderby’s ability to help her preserve her social rank in Coketown rather than his achievements. These three characters see Mr. Bounderby though†¦show more content†¦Tom cannot admire Mr. Bounderby for his self-realized success because Tom blames him for his unfulfilled life, knowing only facts and nothing on achieving happiness. Louisa shares Tom’s resentment towards Mr. Bounderby and perceives him to be â€Å"a great deal rougher and not half so kind† (54). Mr. Bounderby’s romantic pursuits aggravate Louisa, which result in her lack of esteem. At the start of the novel, Louisa and Tom are caught by their father peeking into the circus and Mr. Bounderby guides their father’s anger towards the circus people instead of the children, after which Mr. Bounderby harrasses Louisa for a kiss as means of compensation. She raises her cheek â€Å"ungraciously† for him and once he is gone she rubs the same cheek until â€Å"it was burning red† announcing to her brother that he could â€Å"cut the piece out with [his] penknife† and she â€Å"wouldn’t cry† (25). More disturbed by his romantic pursuits than his participation in her childhood, Mr. Bounderby abandons his role of guardian to one of an antagonizer in Louisa’s life. Mrs. Sparsit is obsessed with maintaining a good social ranking after her aristocratic elite family fell to hard times and recognizes that Mr. Bounderby is the best way to achieve her goal. Although Mrs. Sparsit needs Mr. Bounderby, she does not respect him while taking â€Å"such pity on Mr. Bounderby to his face† then calls â€Å"his portrait a Noodle to its face, with the greatest acrimony and contempt† after his bank had been robbedShow MoreRelatedAnalyse Louisa’s Marriage with Bounderby as an Example of Patriarchal and Utilitarian â€Å"Arrangement† in Victorian Society (Hard Times by Charles Dickens)1814 Words   |  8 Pagesutilitarian logic in Hard Times through the characters of Mr. Thomas Gradgrind, Mr. Bounderby, and Mr. Gradgrind. Mr. Gradgrind educates his daughter, Louisa, with facts and facts alone. He raises her to disregard emotions and see everything in terms of statistics. He forces this type of education upon Louisa much like the marr iage with Bounderby that ends up being nothing but a loveless marriage without any hope for improvement. Written during the Victorian era, Dickens’ novel, Hard Times, constitutesRead More Social Classes of Industrial England in Charles Dickens Hard Times548 Words   |  3 PagesSocial Classes of Industrial England in Charles Dickens Hard Times In his novel, Hard Times, Charles Dickens used his characters to describe the caste system that had been shaped by industrial England. By looking at three main characters, Stephen Blackpool, Mr. Josiah Bounderby, and Mr. Thomas Gradgrind, one can see the different classes that were industrial England. Stephen Blackpool represented the most abundant and least represented caste in industrial England, the lower class (also calledRead MoreAnalysis of the Credibility of Characters in Charles Dickens Hard Times1512 Words   |  7 PagesDickens Hard Times Hard times was written in 1854 by Charles Dickens. Dickens was a prominent Victorian novelist who wrote about the society that surrounded him. He was educated and middle-class but had some sympathy with the way poor people were treated. He was critical of utilitarianism and felt that those in power showed little understanding of the poor. His sympathy with the poor stemmed from his childhood and his fathers inability to stay out of debt. Hard Times Read MoreUtilitarianism in Dickens Hard Times Essay1233 Words   |  5 Pages‘Hard Times’ is a wonderful story, but when one thinks about the reality that lies behind the work, the novel becomes a masterpiece. This novel becomes very important because utilitarianism was the main thought in Victorian era. Utilitarianism, â€Å"the forms of liberty and equality that will produce the greatest happiness depend on the state of the educational, political, economic, and social structure† (Harris). Everything is explained by logic and facts. It is easy for the reader to find out thatRead MoreThe Role of the Circus Folk in Hard Times by Charles Dickens1617 Words   |  7 PagesThe Role of the Circus Folk in Hard Times by Charles Dickens The role of the circus is both complex and simple it is in itself a contradiction; it has been placed within the novel to add another dimension to the story of Coketown but also to show how fragile human nature can be. The circus folks role are complicated in their simplicity, they are of course there to carry out the role that they are paid to perform as actors or performers as well as being there for theRead MoreHow Greed Affects The Lives Of People935 Words   |  4 PagesIt is hard to believe how greed affects the lives of people. Often people do not realize that money and power are not everything in life. During the Industrial Revolution many people let their lives be heavily manipulated by their material wants rather than their needs. As a result they were often unhappy with the lives they had while others were in abundance of happiness. Charles Dickens lived during the Industrial Revolution and knew what life was like during those times (BBC - Primary HistoryRead MoreTreatment towards Migrant Workers1241 Words   |  5 PagesTreatment towards Migrant Workers Within In the novel Hard Times by Charles Dickens and the novel The Grapes of Wrath by John Steinbeck both express a theme of vulgar treatment toward migrant workers’ and even towards anyone who was different and did not fit into their society. Both of novels tell great stories of disasters that have happened during the course of history. Throughout history, humans have been victimized by poverty. Poverty always turns up after a life changing event occurs. EventsRead MorePresentation of Conflict in Hard Times1343 Words   |  6 Pagesthat you have studied In â€Å"Hard Times† by Charles Dickens, conflict is presented as the outcome of industrialisation, material prosperity and a strict utilitarian way of life. In the 1850’s when the novel was written in instalments in ‘Household Words’, Victorian England was in the age of reform, which was creating new tensions between social classes, and creating a new type of ‘master’ represented by characters such as Mr. Gradgrind and more particularly Mr. Bounderby. Conflict is shown betweenRead MoreComedic Relief in the Bleek Novel, Hard Times by Charles Dickens542 Words   |  2 PagesIn every bleak novel there is one character who is always there for comedic relief; in Hard Times, that character is Mrs. Sparsit. Mrs. Sparsit is the housekeeper for Mr. Bounderby. Essentially she does all the work that a wife would do except she has a lower status than a wife, but higher than a servant. Here in lies the problem that she cannot deal with. Mrs. Sparsit came from a well-to-do family, but slipped in the social rankings. 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Week One Assignment Free Essays

Victoria Beaver Advertising Principles MANAMA August 30, 2014 Professor Phil Shapes 1 . What is Wall-Mart doing with its latest campaign? What are the difficulties involved in such an effort? Wall-Mart has faced several lawsuits in the past that claimed female employees faced discrimination in pay and promotions. The company has also had to face rumors that imply low wages, inadequate benefits, environmental damage, and harm to local economies. We will write a custom essay sample on Week One Assignment or any similar topic only for you Order Now To counteract this criticism, Wall-Mart started a campaign saying their employees are paid a wage that is substantially higher than federal law required, and included employee statements and testimonials. They arranged press conferences, and used the slogan â€Å"Wall-Mart speaks for employees. † Some of the difficulties they faced were that it was more costly, time consuming, and would probably be met with skepticism. 2. A recent Advertising Age article noted that Wall-Mart customers are less likely to read newspapers and more likely to watch television than the population as a whole. Why, then, did Wall-Mart choose newspapers for its new campaign? Wall-Mart chose to use print advertising in newspapers to help this particular campaign stand out. If they had used television media, they could have faced less control over who saw it, and when they saw it. By using the newspaper, Wall-Mart was able to send out a specific message. It was also tangible advertising that consumers could hold onto if they chose, such as the letter from the CEO Lee Scott, in which he stated, â€Å"†¦ When special-interest groups and critics spread misinformation about Wall- Mart, the public deserves to hear the truth†¦ Everyone is entitled to their own pinions about our company, but they are not entitled to make up their own facts. † 3. Analyze this Wall-Mart campaign and explain its purpose, referring to the discussion in this chapter of the roles and functions of advertising. What is the primary purpose? Do you think it will be effective at accomplishing that purpose? Wal l-Mart’s purpose with this campaign was to remove the misconception about the company, and promote a relationship between the employees and the consumers. Wall-Mart communicated directly with consumers via the letter from the CEO and the employee statements and testimonials. They used complementing public relations ads in select cities through press conferences with employees. Wall-Mart wanted to provide a positive message to consumer’s to try and protect their brand image. By promoting their employees instead of their goods, Wall-Mart took a unique stance, and therefore stood out. If nothing else, this would have made the company memorable to consumers. References Gauguin, T. , Allen, C. , Semen’s, R. (2012). Advertising and Integrated Brand Promotion(6th deed. ). How to cite Week One Assignment, Papers

The Different Perspectives of Social Science Disciplines Inform Strate

Question: Critically Analyze How the Different Perspectives of Social Science Disciplines Inform Strategic Management? Answer: Introduction According to Mintzberg, strategy is influential and it is one of the high points of managerial activity. Strategy is nothing but a plan that guides the organization or the top management to carry out the functions effectively in the future. Strategy is a pattern that helps the company to work consistently over time (Ahlstrand, Lampel and Mintzberg, 2014). This report will critically analyze different perspective of strategic management in social science disciplines. Social science covers a huge range of disciplines like environment planning, human geography, development studies, management and business studies, economics, linguistics, social anthropology, education, Economic and social history, Psychology and Sociology, Politics and International Relations and lastly the social policies and social work (Esrc.ac.uk, 2015). Since, it is not possible to discuss all the perspectives; the report will demonstrate the strategic management perspectives in general way and demonstrate the mode ls that can be used for an effective strategy. Literature Review Strategic Management has created contribution in various fields like public administration, psychology, sociology, economics and organizational behavior. The strategic management field is a new concept contrasted with other disciplines (e.g. financial matters, science, law, and so on.) and has been scrutinized by researchers who inquiry its authenticity and significance (Cox et al., 2012). Strategic management is censured for neglecting to have a succinct, formal definition, failing to offer its own remarkable speculations, and being a sub-field of different controls (McGrath, 2007). Moreover, the field is condemned for concentrating too vigorously on hypothesis and lacking reasonable application for chiefs, for concentrating too intensely on down to earth application and not on hypothesis, and actually for being based upon a detached set of thoughts with no satisfactory structure (Barney, 2002; Mahoney McGahan, 2007). Taking all things together, a few researchers don't consider vit al administration to be a reasonable scholastic order. Researchers belonging to different filed have different perspective about strategic management. Different authors have classified strategy in different ways. The classifications are divided into following ways: Chafees interpretive, adaptive and linear schools in the year (1985) The interpretive model of Chafee observes social business as compilation of social indenture and strategy is an activity that is mainly driven by the beliefs and values of the organization. The adaptive model emphasizes on continuously evaluating the environment and also subsequent business adaptation. The linear model emphasizes on planning. It focuses on directed, sequential and methodological action helping the organization to make proper decisions. Mintzberg et al ten schools of thoughts(1998). The 10 thoughts are classified into three classes. The initial three schools are prescriptive in nature. They are concerned with how procedures ought to be formed. They in this way tell about perfect key conduct. These focus on the conduct of the strategist as a single person. The next six consider particular parts of the procedure development process. They portray how techniques get made. They focus on part of elements past the single person. The last school is a blend of all the above schools, it looks to be integrative. It tries to group the system making process, the substance, hierarchical structures and their connections into different stages. Organic and mechanistic approach by Fajourn (2000). The organic perspective treats time asuccessives relentless and consistent with the stream of occasions being non straight, interactional and element and accentuation on the connections between develops which are integrative in nature. The Mechanistic approach takes a gander at time as watchful; with the stream of occasions being direct, , directional and static and the builds and models are decently created, separated and accentuation is more on develop than on the connections among the develops (Barney, 2013). Cultural, evolutionary, logical incremental and rational school of thoughts of Faulkner and Campbell (2002). The rational planning stage identifies the gap between the numerical objective and also the result that emerges due to the present strategies. After developing a proper plan, the implementation of the plan should be adaptive in nature. This stage leads to flexible mindset. The evolutionary imperative perspective is all about involving the evolutionary adjustment behavior according to the survival interest. Lastly, the cultural constraint is all about espousing the system according to the cultural elements (Faulkner and Campbell, 2003). Micro, organic, rational, mechanistic, upper echelon, middle management perspectives of Hutzschenreuter and kleindienst (2006). From The micro viewpoint is concerned with the individual level. In consolidating praxis, hones, and professionals the point of view gives a larger structure that connections micro phenomenon to macro phenomena. The organic viewpoint considers how the association grows after some time utilizing way needy models to delineate variety and determination inside and among associations. The rational-mechanistic point of view, procedure methodology is delineated as a successive, discerning, and logical action concerned with the ID of the inside qualities and shortcomings of the association and the opportunities and dangers in the outside environment. As per the upper-echelon point of view, top supervisors are the key performers molding the course of the firm (Breuer, 2010). The cognitive viewpoint, nearly identified with the more elite class viewpoint, sees system as a mental procedure reflecting the administrator's recognition and assessment of a key issue. The middle management viewpoint h olds that center administrators know which key issue to go to. Their closeness to the business makes them enter performers in the method process (Ericson, 2008). The difficulty of how strategy should be formulated has led to various claims due to merits and de-merits of different school of thoughts or classifications discussed above. There are two different perspectives of strategic management one is the design school and another one is the learning school. The design school is all about matching the strength, weaknesses, threats and opportunities. This means it is all about developing SWOT analysis of the business and then develop strategies for effective performance. Further, the Ansoffs product matrix helps to understand the relationship between the new products and the existing products and its fitness with the organization. The learning school actually helps to understand how strategy occurs unlike design school. There are three different strategies; integrated strategies that is chosen by the organization to pursue, realized strategy that the organization essentially carries out and the emergent strategy that meets the need of external business environment. Comparative Analysis Of Business Models Three different strategies exist in an organization; corporate strategy, business level strategy and operational strategy. The corporate level strategy is concerned with the general reason and extension of an association and how esteem will be included to the distinctive of the association. The business level strategy is about how to contend effectively specifically markets and the operational level strategy are concerned with how the components of an association convey adequately the business level and corporate level methods regarding process, resources and also individuals. Figure: Corporate strategy Model Source: (Johnson, Scholes and Whittington, 2008) Strategic management in social science disciplines mainly includes organizations strategic position, strategic choices that can be used for effective performance in future and lastly the putting the strategies in action. Strategic Position: It is concerned with distinguishing the effect on methodology of the outside environment, an association's key ability (assets and skills) and the desires and impact of stakeholders. Strategic Choice: it includes understanding the basic bases for future system at both the corporate and business levels and the choices for creating system with respect to both the methods and directions for improvement. Strategic Action: It is concerned with guaranteeing that systems are working practice There are various different models that have to be considered for developing and implementing strategies in social science discipline. In order to determine the strategic position different environments of business that is determined by the macro environment, industry and the competitors. The macro environment of the organization can be determined by analyzing PESTLE factors (political, economic, social, technological, environmental and legal) which gives broad information of external factors that have strong impact on the business and also helps to identify changing drivers. Industry layers helps to identify similar firms that are producing same services and products. From the perspective of strategic management, these firms exerts competitive forces that can be determined by Michael Porters five forces framework which includes new entrants threat, substitute threat, suppliers powers, buyers power and rivalry threat. This framework gives proper insights about how to analyze the stra tegies and also increase their profit by making proper action. Further, in order to determine the industry structure, the business can use the industry life cycle which comprises of 5 different stages development, growth, shake-out, maturity and decline (Jeffs, 2008). Then to demonstrate the strategic choices it is important to identify the business units of a company and then based on SBUs, it is important to assess the extent of sustainable competitive advantage and identify different strategies that would be suitable for hypercompetitive conditions. Here, in this it is important to derive proper pricing based strategies like no frills strategy, low- price strategy will seek to achieve competitive advantage. Further, in order to understand the interrelationship among the competitive moves the organization in social science discipline can utilize Game Theory which is helpful in determining the competitive dynamics. In order to manage different business portfolios one needs to use t he BCG Matrix (Boston Consulting Group) that mainly focuses on portfolio balance, business units attractiveness and business fitness. This model mainly includes four businesses, further the GE- Matrix also helps to position the business units according to market attractiveness and competitive strength. Last, step of strategic management is to develop strategic choices by identifying the processes using organizational politics, logical instrumentalism, cultural processes and resource allocation process (David, 2005). Business Example This section would focus on few models of strategic management taking Tesco as a business example. It is the largest food retailers in UK. The industry PESTLE Framework helps the organization to meet the growing demand of the population by analyzing the political, economic, social, technological, legal and environmental factors. The Porters five forces help to recognize the competitive attractiveness and interest of market and determine the TESCOs strength in the competitive market. Through SWOT analysis TESCO can address its weakness, prevent the threats, capitalize the opportunities and develop future goals using the strengths. Using the four celled matrix that is the BCG Matrix, TESCO can determine its portfolio in the competitive market. This matrix can help TESCO to represent their different business in a graphical way and based on this graphic representation, the organization can determine their portfolio related to industry growth and market share. GE-Matrix can further help T ESCO to evaluate their business portfolio and further implement the strategies that can help them to prioritize the business investment. Conclusion In conclusion, this paper demonstrates the concept of strategic management. The theories and models discussed in this paper would be useful for all the social science disciplines. However, the effective implementation depends on the organization culture and skills. TESCO is the business chosen to discuss t how the models have helped the organization to determine their strategic position, choices and action in the competitive market. Utilizing these strategic models, the organization is able to gain competitive advantage and also deliver value to the business processes and customers. By discussing the model s that can be used in three different steps of strategic management will help the social science discipline business to do better in the upcoming future compared to their competitors to sustain in this competitive world. References Ahlstrand, B., Lampel, J. and Mintzberg, H. (2014). Strategy safari. [S.l.]: Free Press. Barney, J. (2002). Strategic management: From informed conversation to academic discipline. Academy of Management Executive, 16(2), pp.53-57. Barney, M. (2013). Leading value creation. Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan. Breuer, M. (2010). Socio-cognitive dynamics in strategic processes. Lohmar: Eul. Cox, M., Daspit, J., McLaughlin, E. and Jones, III, R. (2012). Strategic management: is it an academic discipline?. Journal of Business Strategies, 29(1). David, F. (2005).Strategic management. Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Pearson Prentice Hall. Ericson, M. (2008). As in the Composition of a Fugue: Capturing the Flow of Strategic Business Activities. International Journal of Qualitative Methods, 7(2), pp.58-72. Esrc.ac.uk, (2015). Social science disciplines. [online] Available at: https://www.esrc.ac.uk/about-esrc/what-is-social-science/social-science-disciplines.aspx [Accessed 11 Feb. 2015]. Faulkner, D. and Campbell, A. (2003). The Oxford handbook of strategy. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Jeffs, C. (2008).Strategic management. Los Angeles: SAGE. Johnson, G., Scholes, K. and Whittington, R. (2008). Exploring corporate strategy. Harlow: Prentice Hall. Mahoney, J. and McGahan, A. (2007). The field of strategic management within the evolving science of strategic organization. Strategic Organization, 5(1), pp.79-99. McGRATH, R. (2007). No longer a stepchild: how the management field can come into its own. Academy of Management Journal, 50(6), pp.1365-1378.

Approaches to Ethics

Approaches to Ethics Utilitarianism is an ethical theory which focuses on the outcome of an action. It weighs the value of an action over its consequences. The rule of utilitarianism focuses on the result regardless of the nature of the action. It points out that, if the outcome is in line with the expected benefits, then the action can be undertaken. It should not only apply to the agent, but also satisfy everyone affected by the action.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Approaches to Ethics specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The action should put forth maximum happiness to everyone involved. Utilitarianism provides a morally upright approach in making decisions about a certain action. It foresees the possible outcome of the action and calculates the benefits and the costs. From these calculations, the best approach is chosen which ensures that benefits are maximized while costs are minimized. The major drawback of the utilitarianism i s justice. For instance, a situation where a certain act yields more benefits but is still deemed unjust affects decision making. This is because; one has to choose the principle to be used, which is either justice or utilitarianism. The utilitarian standard focuses on the happiness for all those concerned and not oneself. The kind of decisions we make should not only bring happiness to the agent of the action, but to everyone involved. The spirit and purpose of utilitarianism is ‘the greatest happiness for the majority’. Utilitarianism is being used by business analysts, scientists and legislators to make decisions on; whether to invest certain resources to carry out specific projects, whether to approve a certain drug, or whether to ban a certain chemical. The most important formal principle studied in formal ethics is the golden rule which involves principles such as; ‘treat others the way you want them to treat you’ ‘be logically consistent in you r beliefs’ ‘practice what you preach’ and ‘follow your conscience’. These principles can be ambiguous if they are taken literally, for instance the principle of treating others the way you want them to treat you, might not be applicable in some situations, for example in a case where a doctor wants to replace your kidney, then you ought not to replace his in order for him to replace yours. This ambiguity becomes a challenge when establishing these rules since it is hard to come up with situations that satisfy the rule and those that do not.Advertising Looking for case study on ethics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The question of right or wrong is generally dealt with in ethics. If one has a justified claim, then he has a right. For instance, every human being has a right to be educated, and hence entitled to some form of education. Moral rights are then justified by the moral stand ards that are agreed upon by the majority but not necessarily those coded by the law. An act is said to be wrong where it does not respect the rights of the persons involved. A right has a major role on ethics, but it should not be the only factor to be considered in ethical decision making. This is for the reason that, when we consider a right as the sole approach to ethics, then the focus shifts to an individual not to a community. Thus morality calls us to respect one’s dignity and uniqueness, so as to achieve desirable results for the effective living of the community. According to Aristotle, every individual has his own opinion in what is best for human beings. This brings diverse views raising disagreements. These disagreements need to be resolved so as to achieve a common ground that suits everyone. He states that, the moral value is the greatest way to the effective action. He points out that if one imagines, desires and thinks of an idea, then works towards achieving it; he is considered beautiful because he has taken a systematic procedure, and the end result thereof must be of importance because it involves critical thinking. To come up with a common ground for every individual involved is challenging, it involves consideration of many factors.

Lauen H Essay

Lauen H Essay Lauen H Essay Lauren Hendrix 4th Block AP World February 17, 2013 In first century CE Buddhism was brought to China, although there was an array of mixed feelings toward this newly culturalized religion- the number of converts inclined. During the first few centuries Buddhism flourished, cultivating and expanding into new territories. In the centuries to follow Buddhism took a turn for the worse when China experienced a patch of political instability, losing nearly 2/3 of their followers. The documents provided relate to each other because they give us a descriptive timeline that distinctively relates to the flourishment and decline of Buddhism in China during these times. Starting off with the earliest development- Document #1 is the Buddha’s first sermon over the Four Nobel Truths. This sermon signals the start of Buddhism as we know it, and the foundation upon which it is laid. The Four Noble Truths are the guidelines for Buddhist converts, the idea of freeing the mind and opening yourself up to opportunities overwhelms ones sensual mind. This Sermon did just that, in a way which gained more converts than ever. After the sermon the Buddha taught, more and more Buddhist arose- expanding their religion into China. The idea of a peaceful awe bearing religion over-took most of china. Converts nearly tripled in number due to this expansion. Hinted by Document #2, the high officials also agreed with the matter, preaching the word of Nirvana. (â€Å"He will behold the Buddha and be enlightened in his spirit, and then he will enter Nirvana.† Doc. 2) As the same in Document # 3, which states that not all true things have to come from an original source, sometimes to be credible you have to think out of the box and accept new peaceful states. During Chinas politically instable times, we see a major shift in attitude towards Buddhist ways. Buddhism promoted peace and disregarded violence. While China was ‘failing’ they needed all of the violence and war-like attitudes they could accommodate, clearly not gra ced by Buddhism. Document #4 is the perfect example of this newly found hatred towards Buddhism, Han Yu, a leading scholar at the Tang Imperial court wrote â€Å"..Buddhism is no more than a cult of the Barbarian peoples spread to China. It did not exist here in ancient times.† As documents 1-3 flowed together, this document is the first to take a turn for the worse. Instead of the Buddha being praised, he was now looked upon as a non-standardized man that did not live up to Chinese standards. Further down the line you see the same

Contract Administration and Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Contract Administration and Management - Essay Example Furthermore, the federal act assists my small business by managing the certificate of competency program. The federal government gives some preference to certain small businesses when awarding government contracts. Since my business is unique in that not many businesses are of this nature or type, my business will be given preference. The federal act provides for affirmative action program where small businesses like mine are considered when awarding contracts. Organizational Chart I will be the general manager of my business. Since I cannot run the business alone, there are other persons. These are the internal contracting officer, the secretary, the chief engineer and the chief accountant. My work as the general manager is to oversee the smooth running of the business and to authorize big capital expenditures and projects. In addition, my work will also include strategic planning. For the secretary, her work will involve receiving business inquiries and handling all business matter , especially from the outside environment. The chief engineer will head a department; his work will include building airplanes and looking in ways of adopting the modern technology in manufacturing the airplanes. I will also be heavily involved in this department. The chief accountant will be responsible for the business revenues and expenditures and look for investment opportunities. She will as well be responsible for the business obligations as concerning remittances to the government (taxes).

Google, decribe organization's approach to leading, planning and Essay

Google, decribe organization's approach to leading, planning and controlling, is it right do I haveany recommended changes - Essay Example o overcome as well with fears that Google could possibly become a monopoly which could ultimately lead to the demise of such an influential corporation. Google Inc. is a global technology leader focused on improving the ways people connect with information. Google maintains an index of websites and other content which allows anyone with an internet connection to access this information freely. Their revenues are over 16 billion per year and they employ over 16,000 people. Their growth in revenue each year is mainly due to an increase in advertising revenues for Google web sites and as well as their network. They are one of the largest companies in America based on their market share value. The influence of this company was exemplified when â€Å"Google† was added to the Merriam Webster Collegiate Dictionary in 2006. According to Webster it is defined as the way â€Å"to use the Google search engine to obtain information on the internet†. [1] The development of Google’s search engine technology began in January 1996 in a garage. Stanford University’s computer science graduate students Larry Page and Sergey Brin got together to develop a new search engine technology. They named their new product â€Å"Backrub† because of its ability to rate websites. This was done when viewing the number of reverences by examining the number of back links pointing to the web sites. This was a new way to rate web sites. The competitors had a way to assess the revelency of web sites to a particular search query based on counting metatags or â€Å"key words† included in web sites. By 1997 â€Å"Backrub† had a number of followers in the internet world in the Silicon Valley. One of these followers was Yahoo co-founder, David Filo. In 1998 David Filo convinced Larry Page and Sergey Brin to leave Stanford Graduate School and focus full time on making their search technology the basis of a new internet company. Backrub was renamed Google, or Googol, which is a mathematical term that

English2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

English2 - Essay Example As the title suggests, the article is about five new technologies in the auto industry that are geared towards easing the burden of driving in modern times; these technologies are meant to make driving easier, especially for the safety conscious drivers. The article lists a number of technologies that are slowly revolutionizing the auto industry, and soon, are going to be the market driving forces for the entire auto industry. The main idea/thesis of this article is that, to attract the safety conscious drivers, some carmakers are revolutionizing the auto industry through the introduction of innovative and highly exotic technologies. The main goal of this article is to highlight some of the major technologies that are rapidly emerging in the auto industry, and the market trends that arise thereafter accordingly; the safety conscious drivers are being attracted to the new designs, and as tastes and preferences change, the said technology inevitably becomes cheaper. The article is highly objective and informative given that it not only comes from an authoritative source, but it also goes ahead to provide reputable examples and statistical evidence that backs the arguments it makes. In this respect, the points are strongly argued out to a logically satisfactory level, without bias of any sort or inaccuracies as the information can be verified as well. The writer of the article adopts a levelheaded tone that is strikingly informative as well as declarative; this is highly effective because it lends credence to the article by making it authoritative to the readers. The points are logically sequenced to allow for a regular flow of thought and cohesion in the arguments, an attempt by the writer at being communicative both effectively and efficiently. The target audience for this article is comprised of the safety conscious drivers and carmakers in the

Mass Media Sociological Insight Media Essay

Mass Media Sociological Insight Media Essay According to Gordon Marshall, mass media is a medium through which a message can be transmitted to a large number of people. Mass media is one such form of communication in which there is no personal contact between the senders and receivers of the message. The message is generated from one source and communicated to multiple audiences at the same time. Examples of mass media include; radio, television, movies, advertising, internet, newspapers, magazines, so on and so forth. These medium are increasing rapidly with the technological advancements. Over the period of time it can be said that the importance of different mediums changed. For instance, at one point in time, newspapers were the main source of information but the trend shifted and televisions became the dominant source. (Marshall, 1998). The history of mass media is long, but in general is dated back to the innovation of printing press in the late fifteenth century. With the rise in printed material, it became easier to co mmunicate with large number of people like never before. In the period of post world war II mass media saw a sturdy introduction of radio, television and the video technology. They instantaneously became popular among the masses. Lately, world witnessed the revolution of internet. This medium over took the popularity and place of all others introduced before it. The progression in technology, lined the way for the evolution of mass media in general, (Bhattacharya). The history of mass media in Pakistan begins with the print media, as it was the first medium of mass communication in the country. Jang, Dawn and Anjam were the very first newspapers that were published for the masses. The period from 1958 to 1988 press was subjected to strict government regulations. Almost all of the content needed government approval during the dictatorial rule. After this regime ended, some of these constraints were lifted up, but still press was not completely free of scrutiny. In 1949, Radio Pakistan was officially launched in Karachi which was controlled by the government through Pakistan Broadcasting Corporation. The early decades of Pakistans television history were subjugated by PTV (Pakistan Television), which was launched in 1964. For many years television broadcasting was monopolized by the state owned network. When the private television broadcasters were permitted, Pakistan saw a boom in the television channels. Functions of the Mass media In any society the mass media plays an important role, one that includes a number of related aspects, although we can perhaps characterize these roles in terms of three primary aspects: Entertainment Information (Education) News production The linking-theme of the above is information and having established the fundamental importance of the idea of the mass media as information-providers or educators (a source of secondary socialization), it means that we can concentrate on this idea when considering the way information about the social world is both selected and presented. The mass media links the government of a nation and its people together. The government tries to get support of its people through media by explaining and promoting its policies, for example Musharraf used media to gain support for his referendum. Almost every single person accesses the different forms of media in order to get updates on the current world situation. The media also performs surveillance, that is, it informs us about terrorism, natural disasters and transmits information that is useful in daily lives. The media is also said to perform mobilization function which is very important for developing societies both culturally and technologi cally. It also socializes people and provides entertainment and according to Functionalists media encourages solidarity among its members and promotes national advancement, while Social Conflict says it manipulates individual so that they can be kept under false consciousness by the bourgeoisie. Let us now take a look at different sociological theories regarding the content of the mass media. Pluralist Perspective From this perspective, the mass media involves different forms of bias, since in any situation where there are differing viewpoints which cannot all be effectively represented, bias is bound to occur. Pluralists does not see the mass media advocating any single ideology or point of view in the society but instead stresses on the diversity of views and opinions represented in the mass media, the multiplicity of forms they take and the range of opportunities the general audience or public has to influence their content. In general terms, the range of media available in society covers most of the possible viewpoints in the society. The audience selects those views that most closely accord with their own and declines those that dont. The media responds to audiences demand. In this respect, if the audience is politically conservative then the media will have to respond to this. From this perspective, the main sources of media bias come not from the ideological beliefs of owners, but simply from technical constraints imposed upon various media. In this way media is similar to any other commodity in a market-led society, where the consumer is sovereign, and the products on sale reflect the general laws of market forces and respond to the needs of the consumers. The Pluralists suggest that there really is a plurality of different views on offer to the consumer. Consumers are free to select those views they agree with and reject those with which they disagree. In basic terms, if you dont like watching Geo, you can definitely shift to Expresss version for the news of the day. Secondly, there is no clear evidence that the mass media directly changes peoples beliefs or attitudes. On the contrary, from this perspective the role of the media is of the one confirming the prejudices and views of the consuming audience. For example, the television dramas we see today often reinforce the prevalent views on women in society. They usually portray the role of women as a submissive one who has to conform to whatever rules imposed on them. Usually the Pakistani women like watching it as they relate to the actors portrayal of helplessness. The Mass-manipulative Model This model is usually associated with the Frankfurt School of the 1930s-1950s and with the work of Marcuse in particular. Their starting point is the phenomena of the mass which by the 20th century existed at all levels. This was the advent of the mass society (that is, a form of social organization in which the informal bonds of community had effectively broken-down under the blitz of mass economic production). In this complex, persistently-changing world the mass media are considered to be the one social institution that can help the individual to make sense of the world. The mass media became a tool of the ruling class to intentionally manipulate and control the minds of the masses, effectively removing the possibility of critical thought from them and perpetuating their subservience. It presents a hazy, one-dimensional view of the nature of society and social relationships that supports a certain world-view that supports the Capitalist system. Pakistan has a large history of being manipulated by the military dictators who according to their discretion kept media under emergency. These dictators define social reality by imposing their ideology, through their control of the media, on a mass of socially-isolated individuals and by excluding other possible interpretations from exposure through the media. The most palpable evidence for the model comes in relation to patterns of media ownership. As we have seen, newspaper, television and radio, books and magazine publishing is dominated by a relatively small number of owners. Where competition between companies exists it is likely to be over market share rather than over fundamental ideological disagreements about the nature of society. On the contrary, all of the major forms of media conform to a relatively narrow, consensual view of social reality that can be characterized as politically and socially traditionalist. There is evidence to suggest that owners do try to directly control the content of the media, as Lord Northcliffe stated, God made people read so that I could fill their brains with the fact and later tell them who to love, whom to hate and what to think. Selling is at the heart of the mass media and has been since its beginning. Recently the Omore ice cream was launched in Karachi. To win sales from Walls, Omore was publ icized in various soaps. The Hegemonic Model The hegemonic model represents an attempt to create a much suppler Marxist model of news production and media content, one that avoids some of the rigidities of the manipulative model while also being highly critical of the role of the mass media in Capitalist society. Antonio Gramcsi used it to describe the ideological leadership that is achieved through winning consent rather than through force or coercion. From this perspective, the role of the mass media, as a cultural institution is not to help maintain the position of any individual or group. Rather, its role is to police the cultural system and to help maintain rule boundaries. It reflects the values of the ruling class not because of the intervention of the owners but because of the fact that most of the editors and journalists are drawn from the ruling class. One way this is carried-out is through what hegemonic Marxists call agenda setting (certain facts are prioritized more than others which are considered trivial) and Gate keeping (certain facts are deliberately ignored and kept under cover). Functionalist Perspective According to functionalists media plays an important role in the society. It occupies leisure time, helps in the socialization process, it enforces social norms; confers status and media increases social solidity by presenting common view of a society. Socializing can promote religious as well as patriotic interactions, uniting believers. Media often endorse proper behavior by showing what happens to people who violate societal expectations and mass media confer status on people, organizations, and public issues and singles out one issue or person to become significant from thousands of others. Media and secondary socialization The Mass Media assists communication between the sender of information and the children. Media, especially television, effect childrens and adults behavior in different ways. Some programs like Sesame Street or Dora the explorer are very helpful with lots of information for the children. Children can learn to speak and also do things such as singing, reading and pronouncing words in English. The media can teach norms and values by way of symbolic reward and punishment for different kinds of behavior as represented in the media. It stresses on what is acceptable and what is not. Another view is that it is a learning procedure whereby we all learn how to act in particular situations and the expectations which go with a given role or status in a society. Thus the media are continually offering pictures of life and models of behavior in advance of actual experience. (McQuail, 2005) Media and Sensationalism Whenever image building has been in question, the media has at all times been an exclusive and sophisticated ground to play on. However, these days, the media has become only the storytelling medium and journalists have become the key players in tale-making and identity building. Sensationalism in media is commonly defined as changing the emphasis from facts to sensation that is how the news is conveyed or reported now focuses more on sensationalism than actual research. However, now in Pakistan media is known only for exploitation and manipulation of the issues that are of national interest and consequently, the public has come to distrust the media of Pakistan. Going to media for your daily dose of news and entertainment is a painful yet unavoidable task, unavoidable because you have to turn yourself to at least one of the mediums daily and know where you stand, and painful because you cannot just accept that the media is treating society so harshly that any observer from any part of the world is reasonable in stereotyping us Pakistanis as human cockroaches or terrorists. It is a delusion that media is playing a chief role in bringing about a positive change in society, or pressing or trying to press all the people in power to protect human rights, or even bringing about, or triggering the long awaited revolution. The reality is, that media most of the time attacks on the masses emotionally to divert their attention from the actual matter that should be catered. Taking for example Raymond Davis case: Mohsin Hamids article The game preserve in Dawn on 13th February, 2011 compared Americans to hunters who pay people with diplomatic immunity to kill Pakistanis; So what is going on? Who is Raymond Davis, and what are people like him doing in Pakistan? Ive read articles likening him to Rambo and RoboCop. But I believe another Hollywood film franchise metaphor is more apt. Predator. The Raymond Davis affair has brought home what should have been obvious to us Pakis tanis for a long time. Pakistan has become a game preserve, a place where deadly creatures are nurtured, and where hunters pay for the chance to kill them. How is that, that whenever something goes wrong in the world, we are blamed? The international media portrays Pakistanis as a nation of people devoid of moral standards. And in turn Pakistani media adds all the spices to the recipes of international media and strengthens the bias by giving authentications against its own people. It is true that a good government with an adversary press becomes a great government. But an oppositional or adversarial role does not mean borrowing the viewpoint of others. Adversary press is a press that is ready to face those in power for the sake of those who are oppressed, exploited. Does Pakistan have such a media? Does it even fulfill the most basic thing that media caters to: mass communication? In the days following this headline an article, A day of thrilling developments likely, by Amir Wasim was published on Dawn.com, which sketched out that the meetings had been full of feverish political activities which showed no sign of slowing down. The article went on to talk about the fireworksà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ predicted to start in the courtroom with part of the tense drama, played out at a meeting between Prime Minister Yusuf Raza Gilani and the army chief. This is not the only example of how the headlines in the newspapers say something and the actual article says something totally irrelevant. Unfortunately as the medias cape is growing so is the wave of sensationalism. In this era every news is the breaking news and every story is offered in the most dramatic and sensational way possible, whether it is justified or not. As Pakistan Electronic Media Regulatory Authority (PEMRA) came into being, it was believed that it is competent enough to reinstate the democratic pride of media as well as the people but in turn big media was taken to be business with big money. One example of this is the talk shows; to attract more viewership the appreciated talk shows have now turned into cockfights. It is true that every debate begins with the people and it progresses but then ends in abstraction. Anchor, having the last word, uses the opportunity to convey a personal message; sometimes summing up the fight and sometimes giving an absolute irrelevant end to the show. Another example of extreme sensationalism and emotional stimulant in Pakistani media is of the murder case of Sialkot brothers. All the horrible things that were done to the brothers were recorded and broadcasted on various TV channels repeatedly to arouse the public. The headlines used to describe the case were also emotionally arousing which stirred up almost everyone, from the users of Facebook who made pages to condemn the act, to those who came out on streets to protest. Also the fact that any and every footage is now broadcasted on television has given an edge to the wrong-doers, who now can make a video of anything and present their deed as something very noble and get it broadcasted on all the news channels. This is the media giving them new ideas to worship their god of grudges and distortion. A lot of unrest is created and a lot of problems have worsened because of the sensationalism in reporting and selective reporting of certain issues by the media. A great deal of the mass media produces very one sided views on terrorism and extremism and also where Pakistans relationship with India is concerned. The ICC World Cup 2011 semifinal that was played between Pakistan and India was termed as war and Mohali takkar (Mohali Clash) instead of a game of cricket; many called it war of peace. Just to make stories juicier, print and electronic media play around with certain facts and inflate issues. It is highly unfortunate that the Pakistani media has tilted towards making more and more money and for that focuses more on  sensational  issues, because they attract the most viewership and hence makes more profit. The medias job is to make information available to the masses, and not to mislead them or spur violence and extreme measures. Due to corrupted and distorted information that media presents it is very much held responsible for extremist reactions and behaviors which are increasing by the day.

The Narrator Merges with Ottilie in Porter’s Holiday :: Porter’s Holiday

The Narrator Merges with Ottilie in Porter’s Holiday â€Å"Ottilie, now silent, was doubled upon herself, slipping loosely on the edge of the seat. I caught hold of her stout belt with my free hand, and my fingers slipped between her clothes and bare flesh, ribbed and gaunt and dry against my knuckles. My sense of her realness, her humanity, this shattered being that was a woman, was so shocking to me that a howl as doglike and despairing as her own rose in me unuttered and died again, to be a perpetual ghost. Ottilie slanted her eyes and peered at me, and I gazed back. The knotted wrinkles of her face were grotesquely changed, she gave a choked little whimper, and suddenly she laughed out, a kind of yelp but unmistakably laughter, and clapped her hands for joy, the grinning mouth and suffering eyes turned to the sky.† (Page 434) This passage shows how the narrator finalizes her exile from the story by merging with Ottilie. The storyteller excludes herself throughout the tale by never being identified with a name or origin; she is in a state of â€Å"perpetual exile.† The narrator allies herself with Ottilie halfway through the story when she describes a filament connecting them â€Å"so that her life and mine were kin, even a part of each other† (427). Here, they become one so that the narrator and her personal life safely disappear from the story. Ottilie â€Å"doubled upon herself† represents the doubling of the two women. In the next sentence, the words â€Å"her† and â€Å"my† are used back-and-forth five times, almost as if one possessive pronoun could be exchanged for the other. In this sentence, the narrator’s fingers slip between Ottilie’s clothing and flesh, and thus their bodily contact merges the two physically. The following sentence describes Ottilie as a â€Å"shattered being,† perhaps because her new being is mixed with the narrator’s presence. The narrator never feels real in her own right, and it’s only when she senses the â€Å"realness† and â€Å"humanity† of Ottilie that she feels a breakthrough. However, she no longer has thoughts/feelings/sounds of her own; her reactionary howl is described as being Ottilitie’s as it rises unuttered and dies again. Therefore, the narrator finds her own identity when allied with Ottilie. She is hereafter described as a â€Å"perpetual ghost† because she no longer exists in and of herself, but in Ottilie.

Iago Manipulates Essay

In the play Othello, written by William Shakespeare, the antagonist Iago manipulates other characters. He makes them act in ways that benefits his plan of destroying Othello by making him believe that his wife, Desdemona, is having an affair with his lieutenant, Michael Cassio. In the beginning of the play, Roderigo who is in love with Othello’s wife, Desdemona, comes to Iago for help. Iago manipulates Roderigo by promising him Desdemona’s attention and love if he â€Å"put money in thy purse,† as Iago says. Roderigo gives money to Iago in the mistaken belief that Iago is using his money to help him get to Desdemona, but Iago is using it to finance his own plan. Roderigo is a desperate character in the play and is easy tricked by Iago, because he doesn’t think he has anything to lose and because he would do anything to get Desdemona. His desperate feelings for Desdemona and Iago’s convincing manner make Roderigo easy to deceive. Iago has also a wife, Emilia. He doesn’t really manipulate her, because she is unaware of what’s going on between Othello and Desdemona during almost the whole play, but he makes her do thinks that benefits his plan. For example, he makes her steal Desdemona’s handkerchief, which ended being the â€Å"icing on the cake† for Othello’s suspiciousness on Desdemona’s and Cassio’s love affair. Everyone likes and trusts Iago, and so do Desdemona. Iago is seen as an honest man, which helps him manipulate people, because they always believe him. Iago manipulates Desdemona by acting on her side and by sympathizing with her. When Othello starts to get very suspicious, he gets very angry at Desdemona, but he refuses to tell her why. Iago convinces her that Othello is angry on a letter he got earlier and not on her. Desdemona believes this lie, which probably stops her from questioning Othello’s behavior. Iago’s plan is to make Othello think that Desdemona and Cassio are having an affair together. His first move to manipulate Cassio is to get him in trouble. He gets Cassio in trouble by making him drunk and by developing a fight for him. When Othello hears what happened, he removes Cassio from his post. Othello asks Iago what Cassio did, but Iago refuses to tell him anything, he says, â€Å"I had rather have this tongue cut from my mouth than it should do offense to Michael Cassio. By doing this statement in front of Othello and Cassio, he earns Cassio’s trust. Iago uses this trust to manipulate Cassio later in the play. He tells Cassio that the best way to get his position back is to talk to Desdemona and get her on his side. Cassio does what Iago told him, and Desdemona is happy to help him because she knows him and she thinks he is a noble friend to Othello. But when Iag o and Othello come near, Cassio leaves because he doesn’t want to face Othello personally. Iago uses this situation to plant his seed of doubt, and tells Othello that Cassio fled when Othello came near. This is what starts Othello’s suspiciousness. Iago is a smart man who knows how to act and what he should say to manipulate the people around him. The character that Iago manipulates the most is Othello. He makes Othello believe that Cassio talks about Desdemona, while he is actually talking about Bianca and his sexual relationship with her. Iago makes up a story that he heard Cassio talking about Desdemona in his sleep. He also tells Othello that he has seen Cassio wipe his brow with Desdemona’s handkerchief. As a result of this, Othello gets livid and really frustrated, and wants to kill both Desdemona and Cassio. This clearly shows how Iago manipulates Othello. Iago is an intelligent character that is strongly talented in improvising and he has a clear feeling for timing. His most important skill is his acting ability. He’s a perfect actor. Although Iago plants his suspicion step by step by lying and by supplying â€Å"evidence† when it is needed, he always pretends to be a moral and loyal friend who everyone can trust. One of his strategies is to let other people make their own conclusions. Iago is smart enough to use other people’s actual weaknesses and to let them draw wrong conclusions themselves. All these strategies and abilities help him manipulate other characters in the play.

My Nephew Graduation Essay Example

My Nephew Graduation Essay Example My Nephew Graduation Essay My Nephew Graduation Essay In this assignment, I will be discussing my nephew, Vekarious Barnes, graduation from Florida State University (FSU). My nephew is a very intelligent young man, that has overcome obstacles of health, and stability. As a child he has always had a passion to help others, although he himself was suffering some unforeseen health issues, he had such a stamina and perseverance that we had never seen nor witnessed he is truly deserving of this degree due to his endurance. He has always had a liking to science. When he was in the middle school he did numerous science projects and he would win first place as he progressed to high school he was in a program offered at Lincoln High called the CARE program this is where he developed a strong like for chemistry. Although, when he first went to FSU he wasnt sure of what he wanted to do. He knew that he wanted to be in the science field, but he didnt know what branch of science, whether it was chemistry, biology, anatomy, etc. Finally in his junior year his mind was made up and he pursued his degree in Chemistry. On April 29, 2011, my nephew whos name is Vekarious Barnes, graduated from FSU, with a BS in Chemistry and a minor is Physics and Mathematics. This was a highly anticipated event that the whole family was looking forward to. He had been a student there for four years and had changed his major many times. He finally made up his mind and now he has completed this part of his life. The graduation itself was a total of three hours. It included some very special comments, and musical selections. This was a very memorable occasion because he is the first person in our second generation of family history to graduate. He now have hopes of continuing his education by attending grad school at FSU. We celebrated his graduation with a party at TGI Fridays in Tallahassee, Florida. We had a certain part of the restaurant blocked off and we decorated it so festively with balloons, graffiti, and FSU memorabilia. There was music playing and enjoyable fellowship. We ordered food off of the menu and enjoyed festivities that included card playing, slow dance, and wine. We wanted this celebration to be one that he would never forget. As a result of his hard work and dedication he is now ready to venture out into the world. Equipped with not only the necessities of life but also the education that he deemed necessary to project him into an arena of living that would be fitting and comfortable for him.

Manets Olympia

Manets Olympia Edouard Manet : OlympiaIn 1863 Edouard Manet painted one of the most controversial pieces of art the world has ever seen. Manet's painting was entitled Olympia. For years many have seen it as a joke and others a masterpiece. Discussion of the painting has included lines that look elementary, dull color, poor subject matter, and unexplainable meanings. Others feel that the simple lines, lifeless color, unique subject matter, and various meanings make the painting one of the best in the world. Although peoples' views differ no one is to say right from wrong. Anyone's interpretation of this artwork is as unique and individual as one's own personality. The way that someone views any piece of art depends on their personal experience. Olympia inhabits many aspects of creativity that some flock to while others run.The painting's lines differentiate throughout the painting. Olympia herself has an outlined look, this makes her look two dimensional.English: Detail of Edouard Manet's Olympia. ( The b...Using this type of contour line makes her look very flat. Olympia, however, is the only object in this painting like this. Other lines used allow the painting to flow. For instance the curtain in the background looks graceful as well as the pillows and sheets in the foreground. Its amazing how Manet made the indentation on both the pillows and the sheets. Detail is also expressed greatly. The wallpaper and curtain designs look very stylized, even though they are both different colors, they seem related because of the pattern in them. The flowers are also very detailed. The lines of the flowers allow them to be seen individually instead of collectively. Also the same flowers seen in the bouquet held by the servant can be seen in the blanket Olympia is sitting on. Another attention to detail is Olympia's bracelet and necklace.

A Model of International Company that Trades with Lubricants Term Paper

A Model of International Company that Trades with Lubricants - Term Paper Example A multinational company is a company that conducts its trade between two or more countries. To conduct the business, a set of rules and regulation are laid down by international organizations and the countries where these organization conduct business. One common effect is the fluctuation of different currencies. The volatility affects the profitability of international trade. Also due to the currency volatility, there is a very high probability of the traders incurring loses on future sales. The formation of any multinational company is rigorous and most of the companies are run as joint ventures, mergers between two companies, private limited companies, public limited companies, licensing agreements among others. Corporate finance deals with the making of an appropriate financial decision for the company. These decisions are made using analytical tools. These tools help in the maximization of corporate value and in the management of the firm's financial risks. The decision made may be classified as short term or long term. Long term decisions involve capital investments decisions while short term decisions involve managing the working capital. Financial risk management, aids in evaluations of risks and developing strategies to manage these risks. In risk evaluation, the nature of the risk is determined by evaluating the impact of the exchange fluctuation on the corporation and the nature of the currency one is trading with. Risks can be managed/hedged using financial instruments. These instruments include interest rates, commodity prices, stock prices, and foreign exchange rates. The most effective way to manage financial risk is by the use of derivatives that trade on the financial markets. These derivatives are traded using instruments such as futures contract, Forwards contracts, swaps, and options.

Women in Advertising Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Women in Advertising - Essay Example The essay "Women in Advertising" talks about the advertising today is one of the integral phenomena of modern life and the social roles of men and women which they have to carry out. Advertising images are simplified and stereotyped, but in such form they influence people, forcing them not only to buy goods but also reflect in their behavior. In addition to this, very often advertising describes public relations, including gender relations. Simplified nature of sexual roles, forms their similar treatment in the life of each certain individual, this means that, besides the main function (to force the buyer to choose these goods), advertising carries one more function which is social (it creates public relations). Furthermore, advertising transfers the social status or individual feeling concerning the certain product. There you will never hear or see the simple words â€Å"Buy this!†, this may be substituted by the other phrase. In general, they speak about things that you cann ot buy for the money. One cannot deny the fact that the image of a woman from antiquity in all cultures is an embodiment of sexuality and fertility. That is why the majority of the ads are focused on men’s audience, contains an image of the woman: the temptress and fatal beauty with roundish, convex forms. As a rule, women in such advertising show half naked body or its parts in seductive poses that denote an open hint on sex. The romantic image in it has rather a big impact on the audience as it casts thoughts of the finest and strong feeling.

Mechanisms determining Temperature of the climate Essay

Mechanisms determining Temperature of the climate - Essay Example ave expressed high sense of will power towards the combating of climate change, their major problem has been on the specific steps to take in implementing the various policies that are suggested among climate change advocates. As a step towards solving this problem, this report is targeted towards drafting a policy that will be well defined in the strategies and principles. This is to say that the major component of the policy report will be to spell out the policies and ways of implementing them in a language that will be eaily understood by all users of the policy. Again, the policy in itself will aim at curbing the dangers associated with climate change. Further on, the various mechanisms that determine temperature in climate change will be highlighted so that needed solutions can easily be identified and worked towards. The report has been done in such a way that all terminologies that relate to climate system are defined in detail to make understanding of the report easier. In the subject of physics, we see natural and artificial mechanisms of work, involving the flow of particles and other objects. Because in the climate change, there is the flow of energy, we can generally describe the climate system as also being physics. Box (n.d) notes that â€Å"The Earth’s climate, at both global and regional scales, is the result of dynamic balances in the flows of energy, when averaged over sufficiently large time and space scales. Here, the major energy being referred to is heat energy. Most commonly, the time frame for measuring this equilibrium is twenty-five (25) years. On a global perspective, the climate system is determined on regional basis such as for countries. The mechanism that goes to play in labeling a particular region with a particular climate is a measure of the whether that has existed there for a number of years. In this direction, the Met Office (2010) explains that â€Å"climate is the average weather we expect over a long period of time.† It must

Irish Urban Land Development Essay Example for Free

Irish Urban Land Development Essay Currently, Ireland is classified as a First World Economy and it has experienced exceptional economic development at an average rate of eight per cent per year between 1994 and 2001, with a humble growth rate of four per cent per year as from 2001 to date (Stewart 2005). With this rate of growth, Ireland has become more urbanized with increased population, changing agricultural practices, and reformation of local authorities to hold increased public participation and boost lucidity. In addition, there has been a change in the household development, an escalating number and forms of homes with a changing tenure system accompanied by population changes. These elements together with the exceptional economic development and low interest rates have changed the economic, environmental and social outlook of Ireland. The changes have presented numerous challenges such as traffic clogging, environmental squalor, urban sprawl, and lack of affordable housing. This has led to a broken nexus between economic development and human welfare (Drudy 1982). Ireland has had several mechanisms aimed at effecting efficient land use planning within the urban environment towards achieving sustainable development. These mechanisms include an abundance of policies and strategies. These policies and strategies include sustainable development, a strategy for Ireland 1997, National spatial strategy for Ireland 2002, and National development plan 2002-2006 among others. However, even with these initiatives, numerous challenges still persist for urban and regional policy-making in the search of an effective and efficient sustainable development (Stewart 2005). It can be debated that some political, social, and economic elements do repel policy impact from policies intentions considering the extent to which current challenges continue to exist (EU Commission 2001). Much of research related to urbanization of population is colored with powerful anti-urbanism and a desire after the values and simple life styles of traditional upcountry areas. In Ireland some research on urbanization too stresses the goodness of upcountry and the cons of urban trends. These biases are more apparent in the research and policies related to urban land and urban advancement onto agricultural land (Drudy 1982). In fact, the preservation and defense of agricultural land and rural facilities has been the force behind the ratification of physical planning laws (Bengston et al 2004). During the late 17th and 18th centuries the existing urban model was increased by establishment of great number of new towns and villages together with re-development and extension of the existing settlements. It is argued that most of the Irish town begun as a village and outgrew into modest origins by the end of 18th century. These growths were as a result of network of roads and new canal system linking the rural and the major towns and this served as a reinforcement of the dominance of Dublin which was by then the best peopled town (Drudy 1982). The escalating growth of Irish urban regions particularly Dublin presented severe land, energy and social impacts. Growth was limited to a ring of suburban prompting rapid population increase with extreme demand for school, shopping centre, transport systems and local employment. This demand called for more land thus increasing pressures on agricultural land for urban development. Irish dedication to sustainable development can be measured by looking at its housing and land-use policies. The development of one off housing in the rural areas is the significant sign of urban sprawl. In a nation marked with a growing ratio of low density space, the prevalence of one off housing suggestion is a wholesome system failure (Bengston et al 2004). Irish land use is mostly governed by local government development plans but implementation of policies are not uniform. Viewing the one-off housing policy under the economies of scale, the houses are more expensive in service provision but a lot of burden to the developer, house purchaser and even Irish community at large. This is echoed by EPA which state that single housing homes in the upcountry leads to greater car usage therefore increasing energy demands and greater usage of small waste water treatment facilities which have the tendency to pollute underground water (Bengston et al 2004). The opposition of one off housing focuses on the economic burdens for its occupants and on the exchequer. However, when placed on a national framework, there are unquestionably broader economic challenges at stake. For example the impact of sustained site sales on Irish agricultural commodities. The sale of some areas has benign effects on agricultural activities. The fact is that site sale shackle Ireland farming over medium and long-term. Smart Growth an Option for Ireland Smart growth model was born in US in the 90s and this concept entails identifying a common platform where developers, the public and public officials together with environmentalists among other stakeholders finds acceptable means of accommodating growth. The smart growth approach emphasizes on integrating economic, social, and environmental elements of planning and development. It is not an anti-development approach as many may argue but equivalent of the bigger picture of sustainable development as defined by Bruntland as development that provides the requirements of the current generation without jeopardizing the capacity of the same resources to provide the needs of the future generations (Bruntland 1987). The concept imply to offer an answers towards managing growth through public policies instruments for example regulatory instruments and fiscal policies such as incentives and disincentives aiming at accommodating growth in ways that are economically feasible, environmentally friendly and enhancing quality of life. Some of the concerns that the approach targets to address is traffic congestion, urban sprawl, overcrowding and pollution (Stewart 2005). Conclusion The global essential towards achievement of sustainable growth implies that it is important to seek means to accommodate development in ways that is economically feasible, environmentally friendly, and socially responsible. One of the major critics of traditional urban planning is that the concept, method and technique engaged lean towards re-enforcing the present. This makes it challenging for town and city to reflect, plan and establish future alternative ideas suiting to all stakeholders’ true requirements. There is a dire necessity of replacing the conventional short term quick fix model to long term integrating and holistic model in the planning and development strategies. There is need for collaboration on finding solutions and powerful political leadership for Ireland to progress from rhetoric to reality in delivering it land use policies that will lead to positive, efficient and sustainable communities. Smart growth is not a solution to development concerns but an alternative approach to the present development model and a feasible way of mitigating current and probable future social economic and environmental concerns (Stewart 2005).

Effects of Low Health Literacy

Effects of Low Health Literacy Imogen Parker This assignment will discuss health literacy, its various influences and the effect of low health literacy levels on individuals and communities. The various methods and strategies that have been devised to alleviate low health literacy will also be examined. Since the World Health Organisation’s Alma Ata Declaration (WHO 1978), primary health care strategies and methods of effective communication have been established to promote health and improve health literacy. This essay will draw on examples of primary health care strategies employed in Australian communities and various methods for improving health literacy that can be actioned by health professionals and the wider health system. The concept of health literacy can be defined as the capacity of individuals to understand, access and apply health related information and services to maintain physical, mental and social wellbeing (WHO, 2009). Health literacy is essential in allowing individuals the ability to comprehend their own wellness or illness, make informed health decisions and seek appropriate and timely care through this comprehension. In 2012, 59% of Australians aged 15-74 years had inadequate levels of health literacy (AIWH 2012). Individuals’ health can be negatively affected in numerous ways and to different degrees by low health literacy levels. For example, individuals with poor literacy comprehension may be unable to complete personal detail or consent forms that are necessary for consultation or treatment by health care professionals. This may lead to the individual abandoning their attempt to access health care due to the embarrassment surrounding poor literacy skills, or for fear of being met with unhelpful condescension by health care professionals. Additionally, individuals with low literacy may be unable to comprehend essential information in mediums such as pamphlets, prescriptions or medication instructions. This lack of comprehension could have dire consequences for the individual; they may choose to take no medication, or incorrectly administer their medication which could result in harmful side effects. These consequences indicate a failure on the part of the health system or the health care provider, as they have either failed to clarify understanding during consultation with patients or have communicated or presented information in a way that is inaccessible for individuals with low literacy levels. Health literacy not only concerns individual health behaviour and lifestyle decisions, but requires an understanding of the wider societal influences on health. Social determinants of health such as income and employment, education and social exclusion (among a myriad of other factors) can affect an individual’s capacity to be health literate and health literacy itself is one of these determinants. (WHO 2009) Lower socioeconomic status has been historically attributed to lower literacy levels, which in turn affects the ability to be health literate. The social gradient is a prominent determinant of health; the lower the individual sits on the social class ladder often correlates with poorer health outcomes. (WHO 2003) It is evident that social, educational and economic inequalities contribute to the commodification of health care; something that the privileged can access and the disadvantaged may struggle to access and utilise. The effect of low health literacy in conjunction with socio-economic background can be observed through examining health status among the population of Australia. Chronic illnesses with high prevalence such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, respiratory disease and cancer can be influenced by risk factors such as obesity and tobacco smoking. (Department of Health 2012) Such risk factors can be inextricably linked to the aforementioned illnesses and may also indic ate the socio-economic status and health literacy level of the individuals who are affected. For example, an individual who was unemployed or had little income may be more likely to consume processed food as it is dramatically less expensive and less labour intensive to prepare than fresh, more nutritious ingredients. Inexpensive, processed food is often high in fat and low in nutrition, but can be purchased inexpensively and often in large quantities; making it an economical option. However affordable, regular consumption of these products can lead to individuals becoming over weight and potentially obese, which in turn can lead to subsequent conditions such as Type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. It is evident that societal and economic structures can influence health status profoundly and present barriers to good health that are fundamentally difficult for individuals to overcome (WHO 2003). The role of the healthcare system, health professionals and greater society must be examined and modified if health literacy is to be ameliorated. â€Å"If achieving health literacy is to be a goal, some rediscovery of the importance of health education needs to occur, together with a significant widening of the content and methods used† (Nutbeam 2006). The Primary Health Care approach aims to minimize health inequality between social classes and encourage good health for everyone. Primary health care ‘reflects and evolves from the economic conditions and sociocultural and political characteristics of the country and its communities’ (WHO 1978). Accordingly, health care providers must facilitate patients’ understanding and ability to self-manage their health by presenting health information that is accessible for individuals of all literacy levels. In direct communication with patients or clients, health professionals can employ the teach-back method to ensure comprehension by the patient. This provides an opportunity for questions to be asked and clarification to be achieved, thus promoting health literacy (Egbert Nanna 2009). The application of primary health care has been demonstrated as essential in addressing low health literacy and poor health status in Indigenous communities throughout Australia. One stra tegy for improving health literacy from a young age is the Family Planning Association of Western Australia (FPWA) Mooditj program: a community based sexual health education program for Indigenous youth in remote and rural areas. The program aims to educate individuals in early adolescence on sexual health and related issues. Mooditj uses informal discussion techniques to encourage participation and openness, and culturally relevant art and role playing activities to address sensitive topics concerning sexual and emotional health. The cultural and social relevance of the program was determined effectively through recognition of the various social determinants and cultural influences occurring throughout the community it served. The development involved extensive consultation with members of the community, parents and Aboriginal Elders regarding relevant health issues, effective methods of information delivery and ensuring that local language and customs were incorporated. Indigenous community members can be trained to deliver the Mooditj course and the sharing of information and experience between Mooditj facilitators and participants is encouraged in order to strengthen the integrity and scope of the program. The Pika Wiya Health Service in Port Augusta, SA provides the chronic disease self-management course, Life Improvements for Everyone (LIFE) to improve health literacy and health status in Indigenous communities. The LIFE program is peer-led and community focused, aiming to bridge health inequalities between the indigenous population and the wider Australian population. The program utilises individual care plans for clients with chronic illnesses (such as diabetes and heart disease) that are culturally appropriate and specific to their personal capabilities, health circumstances and goals. Both Mooditj and LIFE are consistent with the primary health care approach as the programs have been tailored to suit the health needs of the community with respect for culture and social circumstances. Furthermore, such programs can facilitate increased community capacity and engagement in health education, contributing to improving levels of health literacy. The essence of successful health education programs is empowerment; where individuals have greater control and confidence in their ability to manage their own health. Health education that is accessible to all literacy levels, is culturally reflective and developed with consideration of the social determinants of health has great potential to reduce the prevalence of preventable chronic illnesses in both the Indigenous community and the wider Australian population. Efforts to improve health literacy and encourage a healthy population must be holistic in nature and motivated by empowerment and equality across all areas of society. Effective promotion of health literacy among the individuals and communities which the health profession serves will need to reflect on the social determinants of health and how they are interconnected with health literacy and health status. References Australians for Native Title and Reconciliation 2007, Success Stories in Indigenous Health, pp.28-29, September 2007, viewed 1/4/15. https://antar.org.au/sites/default/files/successstories.pdf> Australian Government Department of Health 2011, Discussion of the four key health issues, National Women’s Health Policy, viewed 1/4/15. http://www.health.gov.au/internet/publications/publishing.nsf/Content/womens-health-policy-toc~womens-health-policy-key~womens-health-policy-key-literacy> Australian Institute of Health and Welfare 2012, Australia’s Health 2012, Australias health no. 13., Canberra, 2012, viewed 1/4/15. http://www.aihw.gov.au/publication-detail/?id=10737422172> Department of Health and Families 2009, Revision of the Preventable Chronic disease strategy, Background Paper: Preventable Chronic diseases in Aboriginal Populations, Northern Territory, April 2009, viewed 1/4/15. http://health.nt.gov.au/library/scripts/objectifyMedia.aspx?file=pdf/47/68.pdf> Egbert, N., Nanna, K. 2009, ‘Health Literacy: Challenges and Strategies’, The Online Journal of Issues in Nursing, vol. 14, no.3. Family Planning Association of Western Australia2004, The Mooditj manual: a sexual health and life skills program for Aboriginal youth, FPWA, Northbridge, W.A. Nutbeam, D. 2006, ‘Health literacy as a public health goal: a challenge for contemporary health education and communication strategies into the 21st century’, Health Promotion International, vol. 15, no.3, pp.259-267. Sexual and Reproductive Health, WA 2015, Mooditj Leader Training, viewed 1/4/15.  http://www.srhwa.com.au/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/Mooditj-Leader-Training-2015.pdf> Strobel, NA., Ward, J. 2012, Education programs for Indigenous Australians about sexually transmitted infections and bloodborne viruses, Resource sheet no. 12 for the Closing the Gap Clearinghouse, Canberra: Australian Institute of Health and Welfare Melbourne: Australian Institute of Family Studies. World Health Organisation 1978, Declaration of Alma Ata, International Conference on Primary Health Care,Alma-Ata, USSR,12th of September 1978. World Health Organisation 2003, The Solid Facts, Social Determinants of Health, viewed 1/4/15. http://www.euro.who.int/__data/assets/pdf_file/0005/98438/e81384.pdf> World Health Organisation 2009, Track 2: Health literacy and health behaviour, viewed 1/4/15.  http://www.who.int/healthpromotion/conferences/7gchp/track2/en/>

The Handmaid’s Tale Freedom To and Freedom From :: English Literature

The Handmaid’s Tale Freedom To and Freedom From In â€Å"the time before†, Gilead had become a place where â€Å"women were not protected†. Gilead was very unsafe and percussions had to be taken. For example women were told not to open their door to a stranger even if they said it was the police (ID’s had to be slid underneath the door), they were told not to stop and help a motorist ‘pretending’ to be in trouble and not to â€Å"go into a laundromat at night, alone.† This shows that the society of Gilead as a whole had become very cautious. This also proves that in some sense Gilead was in danger from its security. From these facts alone it is understandable to see why Gilead chose to enforce a new regime. It may have been thought that in doing so everyone would benefit form a safer society. This much is true. In some sense, women especially, as Aunt Lydia said have been â€Å"given freedom from†. Freedom from all the bad aspects from the time before. Women no longer had to be afraid for their safety, rape was no more and they were free to walk the streets without being hassled, as they were now protected by the â€Å"eyes† that watched over them. In doing so however their freedom to, had been taken away from them. â€Å"In the days of the anarchy† says Aunt Lydia; â€Å"it was freedom to† do what as one pleased, now in Gilead, this kind of freedom was no more. They weren’t allowed any form of independence. Jobs were taken away, money confiscate and so forth. Depending on which perspective you look at it from, different people have benefited from the change in freedoms. In Gilead now, there is a hierarchy of structure. Everyone has a defined role to play in society; they know their place and wouldn’t question it. At the top of the hierarchy are the commanders, right at the bottom are the handmaid’s, and the others such as a the commanders wives, Martha’s, and guards fall in place somewhere in between the two. Looking at the hierarchy, it is obvious to see that it is the commanders who benefits from Gilead’s freedom. They hold the most status within the society. It is this status which segregates the commanders from others in this society, especially from the Handmaid’s. Whereas the commanders have the power to do as they please when they please, the Handmaid’s lives are ran by various rules and regulations that they are forced to keep to. They are not given the freedom to do as they like. They are put into place to perform a service and it is

Abortion Argument

The constant conflict over abortion in America has been a major social problem that started as an issue in our nation over two centuries ago. In the 1960's and 70's with the coinciding civil rights movement and women’s rights movement, abortion became the new national issue we still see today between two opposing sides. It is this struggle over whose deep rooted morals and beliefs are appropriate for our society that make the abortion issue such so controversial. First it is important to understand abortion and its history. Then to understand each side, their beliefs, the organizations tied to them, and their wishes for policies in our nation. We must look at the effects that both the mother and child must endure through the process. Then we must look at and understand the laws directed at abortion and why they were set in place. It is then with this information that we can acknowledge the effects and harm that abortion causes, and conclude an answer to this problem.On August 13th 2012 it was late term abortion day at Orlando Women’s Center. A woman arrived at the OWC to abort her twin baby girls. Her excuse was that she already had daughters and didn’t want have anymore. She was about twenty weeks along, but because it was twins, she was more than showing her progress. It only took a couple of hours for social media took hold of the situation. A man named John who original posted a photo of the woman began to get phone calls and emails from friends who had no idea abortions like these happen. Many offered financial help and many offered to adopt her babies.The woman ended up aborting the twin girls in her womb despite the generous help that was offered to her. She admitted that she didn’t want girls and that she had no compassion for the babies she was carrying. Through a two day process, she had to go into labor and deliver her babies into a toilet. Abortion like these happen all over the country every day, and it’s because of stories like this and a complete disregard for human life that abortion should be, in a sense, aborted itself. This essay considers whether the purpose of abortion is a solution by answering the following questions:1. What is abortion and who is involved? 2. How is the baby affected during the process? 3. How is the mother affected throughout the process? 4. What is our government doing about it?Understanding the history behind abortion, its process, and the effects of abortion to our women and children as well as our nation are very important. It highlights the complexity of abortion in the United States and the need for physicians, advocacy groups, and policymakers to implement the other choices woman can make to save lives, as well as enrich those around them. What is abortion and who is involved?It is important to know and understand abortion for what it is, to fully grasp the influence it can have on a woman. An abortion is the removal or expulsion of an embryo or fetus from the uterus. There are several types of abortions: spontaneous, induced, therapeutic, elective or voluntary, unsafe, and medical abortion. Spontaneous abortion is the body naturally expelling the fetus because of complications produced in the stages of the egg needing to attach to the uterine wall. Induced abortion is a direct involvement by use of medical or surgical methods.Therapeutic abortion is considered necessary because of fetal anomalies, rape, or to protect the health of the mother whether it is physically or psychologically damaging to her. Elective or voluntary abortion which is the termination of the embryo by request for reasons other than physical or psychological damage, which is the same abortion that was described in the story at the beginning of this essay. Unsafe abortion is the termination of an unintended pregnancy by a person incapable of successfully continuing the pregnancy without harmful effects to the mother. Medical abortion is a non-surgical abortion th at uses drugs to terminate the pregnancy. (â€Å"Abortion,† 2013) There are several organizations that make it their goal to prove which side of the abortion argument is true.