Defining toughness in college hoops Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Characterizing strength in school loops - Essay Example It is obvious from the examination that Jay Bilas, the writer of the article â€Å"Defining strength in school hoops† explained that his unique view of sturdiness was â€Å"physical and dependent on how much discipline I could dole out and the amount I could take†. Hence, by utilizing express depiction of what strength was not really what it clearly implies, the creator began setting up his contentions utilizing portrayal, depiction, and examination. For instance, the rules clarified setting a decent screen, the creator characterized the stuff for b-ball players to show the fundamental activities regarding â€Å"improving the odds for a colleague to get open†¦and significantly improving your odds of getting open. A decent screen can drive the guard to make a mistake†. Interestingly, setting a terrible screen was not adequately portrayed. The main clarification gave was that â€Å"a sluggish or terrible screen is a misuse of everybody's time and energy†. The definition is missing and inadequate to obviously separate uniqueness with a viable technique. What's more, as perusers get the chance to assess the rules, it was evident that the creator didn't give a viable structure or intelligent configuration of introduction. In such manner, there is inability to utilize sensible thinking. The rules, however successful in the sum, could have been introduced in a progressively coherent structure that orders the subjects in sub-headings. For instance, the creator clarified â€Å"set a decent screen† and another point as â€Å"don’t get screened†. These subjects could really be lumped together under ‘techniques for compelling screening’. ... Another model is the author’s conversation on: â€Å"jump to the ball† (Bilas 2) and â€Å"play the ball, see your man† (Bilas 3); which could again be talked about in one sub-heading that could be entitled ‘tough methods of dealing with the ball’. The rules were obviously written in no specific request and could have been introduced relying upon the thoughts that struck a chord. It could be legitimized however that since the writer realized that the article was explicitly composed with b-ball devotees, especially players, as the crowd of his talk, the style, arrangement or structure would not be inspected and scrutinized to reduce the veracity of the substance. In any case, taking into account that the creator was appropriately settled as a famous b-ball investigator, his believability in giving the data was legitimately approved. Further, as showed from the talk, his own encounters playing â€Å"in the ACC, for USA Basketball, in NBA preparing cam ps, and as an expert b-ball player in Europe† (Bilas 1) has demonstrated that he was gained tremendous expert in to hand-off competency in the point. The capacity to fit in with ethos because of his trustworthy foundation made his disputes and contentions substantial. At last, the article’s capacity to more the crowd through evoking enthusiastic intrigue could be seen as viable. The fundamental help to approve the author’s achievement was his story talk verifying that when he at first composed a short blog on the theme, the reaction was â€Å"overwhelming. Many school b-ball mentors called to reveal to me that they had put the article up in the storage space, put it in every player's storage, or had gone over it in detail with

Germans & germany Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Germans and germany - Essay Example It is likewise a duty to secure the minority bunches in the nation from fierce treatment. It is a statement of humankind to the survivors and a demonstration of duty to forestall wrongdoings in the general public (Cottrell 1). The commemoration is a commitment to the Jews survivors of the wars after the war in Germany. It doesn't in fact keep out inhumane imprisonments Jews who endured the destiny of death at mature age or from maladies. The title is suitable, and no better title would fit the dedication than its evident title. The Washington gallery is a recognition of the crimes that happened during the executing of the Jews. It has an exhaustive history of the holocaust through relics and onlooker tributes, as motion pictures and movies. It has antiques just as photos of the events. In any case, there is no national landmark on the casualties of wrongdoing. This is on the grounds that the subjection and slaughter didn't happen in the nation. It would just be prudent to fabricate the landmark at the spot of the wrongdoing as opposed to in Washington. The story of Emmaly Reed’s is a moving record, contacting and uncovers the truth of the ruthlessness that the Nazis casualties experienced. Her detainment for a long time shows the degree of enduring that the casualties experienced. She uncovered the hangings that detained casualties experienced during the bondage and massacre that happened. Cottrell, Chris. Dedication to Roma Holocaust Victims Opens in Berlin. The New York Times. October 24, 2012. Web. May 5, 2013. Recovered from:

6 Major difference between Thesis and Research Paper

6 Major difference between Thesis and Research Paper You all must have heard about Thesis and Research Papers and many of you must be confused about them. When you go to graduate schools, postgraduate schools or pursue a doctorate degree, you need to submit either thesis or research paper or dissertation. In this blog post, we will discuss the difference between Thesis and Research Paper. THESIS- A Thesis is long academic writing which involves personal research. It is written by someone to obtain a university degree or diploma. RESEARCH PAPER- It is a piece of academic writing, written as a part of the subject and do not constitute a separate subject or module. In the research paper, the researcher has to do independent research and then write a description of the findings. Thesis vs Research Paper Summary Thesis vs Research Paper1. Purpose2. Style3.Time Taken4.Help Required5.Results6.Originality Both of them are academic writings. They both are having a similar internal structure like both contains an introduction, literature review, research methodology, data analysis, interpretation, findings, conclusions etc. but differ by purpose, style of writing and specific components. Our experts will discuss these in detail. Many students find the difficulty in differentiating them. So here we begin with Difference between Thesis and Research Paper. 1. Purpose The purpose of writing a thesis is to obtain a university degree or qualification. Purpose of writing a research paper is to expand knowledge. The reader must learn something new when he or she read the research paper. This is major difference between Thesis and Research Paper. 2. Style Since thesis is written to obtain a degree so it is usually longer than research paper. The research paper is all about establishing central part of thesis with all the data and proofs gathered. 3.Time Taken As we know that thesis is lengthier than research paper so the completion of thesis takes a lot more time than that of the research papers. 4.Help Required Thesis is always completed in someone’s supervision i.e. for completion of thesis, university assigns the student a supervisor. But in case of research paper, most of the times, no supervisor is assigned. If in case you need help, you can take help from Homework Help Websites. 5.Results Thesis is said to be completed after the oral examination which takes place after the submission of the thesis. This oral examination includes the presentation of your thesis in front of the examination board and answering their questions. The final results are based on both contents of the thesis and an oral examination. But the research paper is said to be completed after the plagiarism check of the research paper and the content of the research paper. 6.Originality The demand for originality is much higher for thesis as compared to that of the research papers. While choosing a topic for thesis the author must take into consideration the expectation of originality in the field or the input of some relevant new information or ideas. This is also a difference between Thesis and Research Paper. That was all about difference between Thesis and Research Paper. Hope this article will help you. Most of the people find difficulty in making assignments, research papers, Thesis etc. due to their complex nature and lack of supervision. If you too are facing any difficulty in completing these, then you can take the help of experts. Here at CallTutors, we are having a team of experts to help you out and meet your demands in the given time. If you have any query please mention in the comments section below.

Synthesis Gas The Interim Exquisite - 1139 Words

1.1 Synthesis gas – the interim exquisite Synthesis gas is a versatile intermediate feedstock for fuel and value added chemical synthesis. It is a mixture of hydrogen and carbon monoxide in various ratios. The composition of synthesis gas can be widely varied, depending on the synthesis processes and the composition of the raw materials, i.e. their hydrogen-to-carbon ratios and their reactivity’s. Synthesis gas can be produced not only from natural gas, petroleum, petroleum derivatives, or coals but also from almost any organic material, including biomass and organic wastes [1]. Synthesis gas have been synthesizing for many years in commercial level. There are number of stablished techniques used in industries to produce synthesis gas depending on the downstream requirements. Because of its adaptable nature synthesis gas has a variety of uses. The carbon monoxide in synthesis gas can all be converted to hydrogen via the water-gas shift reaction and again carbon monoxide in high purity can be obtained by low-temperatur e (cryogenic) separation or absorption in aqueous copper salt solutions. 1.1.2. Synthesis Gas as a Source of Pure Hydrogen Hydrogen gas as such is probably the chief product made from synthesis gas. It is used in huge amounts for the synthesis of ammonia, methanol, fine chemicals, and hydrogen peroxide [2]. Its many other uses include the hydrogenation of oils and fats, the reduction of ores, the manufacture of drugs and fine chemicals, and rocket propulsion.Show MoreRelatedDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 Pagesexploration of attitudes and values. 5. Student motivation is increased, especially in adult learners. xviii PREFACE 6. Students receive immediate feedback from their instructor and peers. 7. Students are involved in higher order thinking (analysis, synthesis, evaluation). Our goals in writing this book were to bridge the academic realm of theory and research and the organizational realm of effective practice, and to help students consistently translate proven principles from both realms into personal

Causes And Effects Of Social Media Essay - 769 Words

Over the past years, social media has grown tremendously fast. Most people have at least one social media account. The use of social media has its benefits and its problems. It is good for spreading the current news, advertising businesses, and it is one of the easiest and fastest way people communicate with each other. However, it also spreads hate. Some people let their social media rule their life as if they must live up to something because of what they witness on the social media. The popularity of social media causes issues on both physical and mental health, puts a risk to privacy, and spreads false information. Social media causes health issues to its users. Many people spend a lot of time sitting with their phones or†¦show more content†¦Moreover, a quick check on Facebook, Twitter, Instagram or Snapchat can last up to 30 minutes or more, thus decreasing a person’s work productivity. Secondly, an individual’s privacy is at risk on social media. Some people are careless with the pictures and videos they post online. Therefore, some of this can put them at risks and destroy their image. For instance, some â€Å"college administrators scan Facebook profiles for evidence of illegal behavior by students† (â€Å"Social Networking ProCon.org†); hence the students guilty of such things get rejected. Similarly, it became challenging for people to separate their personal from work life. Also, some of the information stored in social media can be used by the governments to control the people. The government can get access to any post â€Å"with a warrant, which the United States Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court can grant secretly† (Thibodeuax). The information put online is not always secured, and hackers can manage to take hold of it. Some statistics show that 68% of social media users share their date of birth, 63% share their school name, and 18% share their phone numbers; each information can be used for identity theft and stalking. Also, many kidnappers and burglars use social media to collect information about their victims. Thirdly, social media spreads false information. Many heard of the phrase â€Å"not everything on the internet is true.†Show MoreRelatedCause and Effect of Social Media Essay888 Words   |  4 Pagesyounger generation in particular. Technology plays as a key factor in most lives, social media especially. Among the most popular of social media are Facebook, Twitter and Instagram, all with the main purpose to share or view personal information and experiences, communicate with others and meet new people on social or professional grounds. There are several positives and negatives effects associated with social media, making it a topic of debate whether it is creating more good or harm for today’sRead MoreSocial Network1015 Words   |  5 Pages4/8/13 essay - Causes and Effects of Social Networking Causes and Effects of Social Networking Navigation Home #1: Bullying #2: Self Expression and Creativity #3: Sharing Knowledge From Around The World Audience Potential Causes and Effects Sources cited Thesis essa y Sitema p Se ar c h t hi s si t e essay The Effects Of Social Networking Jenna King per. 4 4/5/12 Every day, thousands of people are logging on to social networking websites. Some play games, some chat with friendsRead MoreCompare Contrast Essay1207 Words   |  5 Pagesclose to us have actually had the opposite effect. Devices such as mobile phones, tablets, television, and laptops are just a few inventions that have us obsessed over them during our free time. With the advent of social media, we have become more engrossed in our own little world. People spend more time on social media and gadgets than actual face to face interactions between human beings. Two writers attempted to explain this phenomenon in their essays. â€Å"The Flight from Conversation†, by SherryRead MoreFacebook614 Words   |  3 PagesSiwen Liu Professor Cottrell UCWR 110 15 September 2015 (Type of paper: Optional) Final Summary Essays Sentence: The essay Stephen Marche wrote â€Å"Is Facebook Making Us Lonely† is talking about with the technology what the society looks like now, and social media like Facebook and twitter have made us more densely network than ever. Paragraph: In Stephen Marche’s article, Facebook is a reason people are becoming move lonely and standard. The relationshipRead MoreIs Cyberbullying Becoming An Added Struggle Of Mental Health Essay1269 Words   |  6 Pagesbecoming an added struggle of mental health which burden the New Zealand Youth (Bilby, 2016). To endeavour to cover the cyberbullying topic this essay will introduce the development of the internet and Facebook. Secondly, it will outline the concern of cyberbullying, the roles of a victim and perpetrator. Furthermore, indicating the beginning and long term effects and consequences of the cyberbully issue and lastly identifies how the issue is being addressed within New Zealand with recommendations as toRead MoreViolence in the Media Does Not Contribute to the Violence in the Society1733 Words   |  7 Pages This essay aims to discuss whether violence in media contributes to the violence in the society. The essay will first define who the society is and what constitutes as violence in both the media and in society. It will then discuss audience reception studies and the uses and gratifications theory as to how the audiences receive the media and what they do with it. With evidence from supporting articles and a survey done, this essay will argue that violence in the media does not contribute to theRead MoreThe Social Media s Relationship Between The Basic Daily Life And Society s Issues1473 Words   |  6 Pagesabout their surroundings and their world issues by using social media. Because of this, people’s life would become interesting and easy. Social media and some other digital advices endow daily lives more possibilities. These media not only enhance people’s ability of solving something serious but also help people think social issues deeply. However, the social media also enhance something negative. In the digital world, according to his essay â€Å"Project Classroom makeover†, Cathy Davidson claims thatRead MoreAnalyzing Violence and Crime in USA1357 Words   |  5 Pagespurpose of this essay is to investigate the causes of violence in America and look specifically at the youth of this country and the effects that are produced because of their behavior. Essentially, this essay will try to communicate how the proliferation of violence committed by American youth demonstrates tight connections among culture, media, and capitalism creating unique circumstances that result in excessive violence and rage relative to other youth around the world. This essay will first introduceRead MoreAnalysis Of Sherry Turrkle The Flight From Conversation958 Words   |  4 PagesProfessor of the Social Studies of Science and Technology at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sherry Turkle, in her New York Times article â€Å"The Flight from Conversation†, identifies society’s declining ability to connect with each other on a person-to-person basis. Turkle’s purpose is to highlight the importance of human interaction with the absence of technology. She supports her argument concerning technology’s negative implications on people’s interactions amongst each other by the following:Read MoreA Photograph On Instagram, And The Scourge Of The Selfie1291 Words   |  6 Pagespicture, enlarge a person’s butt, or even whiten people’s teeth. At what point do those technological advances cross a line? With social media ranging from Facebook and Twitter to Instagram and Tumblr, do these media sit es promote egotistical behavior? In January of 2013, John Paul Titlow discusses some of the disadvantages and advantages that Instagram has in his essay: â€Å"#Me: Instagram Narcissism and the Scourge of the Selfie† that was posted on a website called ReadWrite. Although Instagram was

Goitre Benign Thyroid Nodules Free Essays

There could be many different causes of goiters in people who do not have thyroid problems. * The patient could have a mild case of  Hashimoto’s thyroiditis  that has not yet caused the thyroid to become underactive. * They may have inherited a â€Å"weak† thyroid gland, which has to be stimulated excessively by thyroid stimulating hormone in order to make a normal amount of thyroid hormone. We will write a custom essay sample on Goitre: Benign Thyroid Nodules or any similar topic only for you Order Now * They may have an  autoimmune diseases  in which the body’s immune system produces immunoglobulins that stimulate the thyroid to grow without either destroying it or stimulating it to make too much thyroid hormone. They may have conditions in which white blood cells in the body produce substances called â€Å"cytokines† that stimulate the thyroid to grow. Often, when a patient has a goiter with normal thyroid hormone levels, the doctor is never really able to find out the exact cause of the goiter. Small benign euthyroid goiters do not require treatment. The effectiveness of medical treatment using thyroid hormone for benign goiters is controversial. Large and complicated goiters may require medical and surgical treatment. Malignant goiters require medical and surgical treatment. The size of a benign euthyroid goiter may be reduced with levothyroxine suppressive therapy. The patient is monitored to keep serum TSH in a low but detectable range to avoid hyperthyroid ism, cardiac arrhythmias, and osteoporosis. The patient has to be compliant with monitoring. Some authorities suggest suppressive treatment for a definite time period instead of indefinite therapy. Patients with Hashimoto thyroiditis respond better. * Treatment of hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism often reduces the size of a goiter. Thyroid hormone replacement is often required following surgical and radiation treatment of a goiter. Use of radioactive iodine for the therapy of nontoxic goiter has been disappointing and is controversial. * Medical therapy of autonomous nodules with thyroid hormone is not indicated. * Ethanol infusion into benign thyroid nodules has not been approved in the United States, but it is used elsewhere. * Iodine Deficiency Disorders (IDD) can be prevented by an adequate intake of iodine in the population. Monitoring and evaluation are the most important phases of an IDD control program. The consequences of iodine deficiency are goiter and subclinical/clinical hypothyroidism in pregnancy. The deficiency is an important risk factor for brain damage and motor-mental development in the fetus, the neonate and in the child. In order to assess IDD, control programs should be developed, followed up and evaluated. The recommended methods of assessing status are; assessment of the goiter rate, measurement of urinary iodine concentration, determination of thyroid hormone levels and of thyroglobulin. Although adequate technology exists, elimination programs for IDD have not been successful until recent years. The most important issue at present is the long-term sustainability of salt iodization programmes. Alternative strategies are also needed for iodization in areas where iodized salt will not be available in the foreseeable future. * Goitre associated with  hypothyroidism  or  hyperthyroidism  may be present with symptoms of the underlying disorder. For hyperthyroidism, the most common symptoms are weight loss despite increased appetite, and  heat intolerance. However, these symptoms are often unspecific and hard to diagnose. * [edit] How to cite Goitre: Benign Thyroid Nodules, Essay examples

Pestel Analysis of Aldi free essay sample

Her Majesty’s Government, led by Prime Minister, David Cameron, from the Conservative Party is mainly concerned about the financial crisis affecting economies all over the world and to strengthen the economic position of UK globally(**ref**). For employment legislations, the government encourages retailers to provide a mix of job opportunities from flexible, lower-paid and locally-based jobs to highly-skilled, higher-paid and centrally-located jobs (Balchin, 1994). Also to meet the demand from population categories such as students, working parents and senior citizens. Aldi understands that retailing has a great impact on jobs and people factors (new store developments are often seen as destroying other jobs in the retail sector as traditional stores go out of business or are forced to cut costs to compete), being an inherently local and labour-intensive sector. Aldi employs large numbers of; student, disabled and elderly workers, often paying them lower rates. In an industry with a typically high staff turnover, these workers offer a higher level of loyalty and therefore represent desirable employees. We will write a custom essay sample on Pestel Analysis of Aldi or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page 1. 2 Economical Factors UK’s economy is strong and have been able to avoid recession in 2008, but there are high unemployment and uncertainty in the economic conditions. UK’s economy will grow 0. 2 % in 2012 and 2 % in 2013 said CBI Director-General John Cridland (Hamilton, 2012). GDP down to -0. 4 % in 2008, Recovery is in full swing, with 1. 1 % GDP in 2011 as per the data by OECD (OECD, 2012). The GDP will grow to 2. 5 % in 2012 as per data by BCC (British Chambers of Commerce), Quarterly report of BCC states that growth is slow in short term but will eventually pick up for the end of 2013. It also indicated the unemployment to peak 2. 62m in quarter 4 of 2012 from 2. 6m in quarter 2 of 2012 (BCC, 2011). Banks may increase rate of interest by the end of 2013 to safeguard their interest (Pettinger, 2012). Economic factors are of concern to Aldi, because they are likely to influence demand, costs, prices and profits. One of the most influential factors on the economy is high unemployment levels, which decreases the effective demand for many goods, adversely affecting the demand required to produce such goods. These economic factors are largely outside the control of the company, but their effects on performance and the marketing mix can be profound. Although international business is still growing (Appendix A), and is expected to contribute greater amounts to Aldi’s profits over the next few years, the company is still highly dependent on the UK market. Hence, Aldi would be badly affected by any slowdown in the UK food market and are exposed to market concentration risks. 1. 3 Social/Cultural Factors UK’s population is shrinking and aging (**ref**). Impact of population shrinking on UK could lead to shortage of labour in the market place and rising expenses in services like medical services, education services. Eventually government will have to cut down on benefits and pension, or increase tax to provide to pay higher contributions and health insurance. The trend of rising expenses is affecting UK’s shoppers buying behaviour, and affecting their nature and forcing them to compromising on quality(**ref**). Current trends indicate that British customers have moved towards ‘one-stop’ and ‘bulk’ shopping, which is due to a variety of social changes. Aldi have, therefore, increased the amount of non-food items available for sale. Demographic changes such as the aging population, an increase in female workers and a decline in home meal preparation mean that UK retailers are also focusing on added-value products and services. In addition, the focus is now towards; the own-label share of the business mix, the supply chain and other operational improvements, which can drive costs out of the business. National retailers are increasingly reticent to take on new suppliers (Clarke, Bennison and Guy,1994; Datamonitor Report, 2003). The type of goods and services demanded by consumers is a function of their social conditioning and their consequent attitudes and beliefs. Consumers are becoming more and more aware of health issues, and their attitudes towards food are constantly changing. One example of Aldi adapting its product mix is to accommodate an increased demand for organic products. The company was also the first to allow customers to pay in cheques and cash at the checkout. 1. 4 Technological Factors Consumers need more convenient and high tech experience while shopping and technology plays a vital role in enhancing user experience and cost effective. Self checkout, in store media, intelligent scales and shelves, electronic advertising displays- these are just some recent innovations in retailing (Fiorito et al. , 2010). The internet plays an increasingly important role. Therefore, retailers need to attract new customers via e-commerce or the web2. 0 (blogs and community networks). Smart phones and tablets have become integral part of our life mobile app’s should be created for customers. A further trend is â€Å"green† IT. Changing the way energy in buildings is monitored, controlled and consumed an bring down CO2 emissions and reduce costs (Faucheux Nicolai, 2011) . Technology is a major macro-environmental variable which has influenced the development of many of the Aldi products. The new technologies benefit both customers and the company: customer satisfaction rises because goods are readily available, services can become more personalised and shopping more convenient. The launch of the Efficient Consumer Respo nse (ECR) initiative provided the shift that is now apparent in the management of food supply chains (Datamonitor Report, 2003). Aldi stores utilise the following technologies: Wireless devices Intelligent scale Electronic shelf labelling Self check-out machine Radio Frequency Identification (RFID). The adoption of Electronic Point of Sale (EPoS), Electronic Funds Transfer Systems (EFTPoS) and electronic scanners have greatly improved the efficiency of distribution and stocking activities, with needs being communicated almost in real time to the supplier (Finch, 2004). 1. 5 Environmental Factors Exhaustive cultivation and mismanagement in terms of energy consumption and resource extraction dangers life on our planet. UK stands on 9th position in 2008 by data provided by US Energy Information Administration (see Appendix 1, Page 6) (The Guardian, 2011). To cope with the increasing risks of climate change UK â€Å"The Carbon Plan† (see Appendix 2, Page 6), published in December 2011, sets out the Government’s plans for achieving the emissions reductions committed wants to reduce CO2 emission by 60% until 2013 (DECC, 2011). The percentage of renewable energies to generate power shall increase to 31 % by 2020 (see Appendix 3, Page 6) (DECC, 2011). CSR (corporate social responsibility) plays an increasingly important role in gaining consumer’s trust. In 2003, there has been increased pressure on many companies and managers to acknowledge their responsibility to society, and act in a way which benefits society overall (Lindgreen and Hingley, 2003). The major societal issue threatening food retailers has been environmental issues, a key area for companies to act in a socially responsible way. Hence, by recognizing this trend within the broad ethical stance, Aldi’s corporate social responsibility is concerned with the ways in which an organization exceeds the minimum obligations to stakeholders specified through regulation and corporate governance. Johnson and Scholes, 2003) Graiser and Scott (2004) state that in 2003 the government has intended to launch a new strategy for sustainable consumption and production to cut waste, reduce consumption of resources and minimise environmental damage. The latest legislation created a new tax on advertising highly processed and fatty foods. The so-called ‘fat tax’ directly affected the Aldi product ranges that have subsequently been adapted, affecting relationships with both suppliers and customers 1. 6 Legislative Factors The UK market is highly regulated which makes market entry for Multi-national difficult. European commission has made displaying nutrition facts of eatable products mandatory for retails industry(**ref**). EUwide standards will help consumers to a more balanced diet (**ref**). Most companies already show nutrition facts on their products. Government legislations and policies have a direct impact on the performance of Aldi. For instance, the Food Retailing Commission (FRC) suggested an enforceable Code of Practice should be set up banning many of the current practices, such as demanding payments from suppliers and changing agreed prices retrospectively or without notice (Mintel Report, 2004). The presence of powerful competitors with established brands creates a threat of intense price wars and strong requirements for product differentiation. The government’s policies for monopoly controls and reduction of buyers’ power can limit entry to this sector with such controls as license requirements and limits on access to raw materials (Mintel Report, 2004; Myers, 2004). In order to implement politically correct pricing policies, Aldi offers consumers a price reduction on fuel purchases based on the amount spent on groceries at its stores. While prices are lowered on promoted goods, prices elsewhere in the store are raised to compensate. 2. 0 INDUSTRY ANALYSIS: PORTER’S FIVE FORCES 2. 1 Threat of New Entrants The UK grocery market is primary dominated by few competitors, including four major brands of Tesco, Asda, Sainsbury’s and Safeway that possess a market share of 70% and small chains of Somerfield, Waitrose and Budgens with a further 10%. Over the last 30 years, according to Ritz (2005), the grocery market has been transformed into the supermarket-dominated business. Here are some points to ace market position and provide barrier to any further entries. . 1. 1. Economies of scale: UK food retail industry make use of â€Å"economies of scale† to great extent, by . Especially the major chains have economies of scale, which improves their market position (Datamonitor, 2010). 1. 1. 2. Capital requirements of entry: Entry and exit costs are no barrier to enter the market. Therefore, many small and local retailer take the opportunity and go into competition with the majors competitors (Datamonitor, 2010). 1. 1. 3. Access to supply or distribution channels: The distribution system is well-developed, with a large number of small suppliers. 1. 1. 4. Customer or supplier loyalty: Most UK customers are brand conscious, brand is more important than price. So competitors like tesco have loyalty incentives like club card to attract customer and encourage them to be brand loyal. (Datamonitor, 2010). 1. 1. 5. Experience: To compete with the market leaders as well as with smaller companies, addressing niche segments, great knowledge of the market and its consumers is needed . 1. 1. 6. Expected retaliation: The industry is characterised by strong rivalry and price sensitivity. Therefore, new entrants may well face retaliation (Datamonitor, 2010). 1. 1. 7. Legislation or government action: Legislation and government action are not prohibit for market entry. Still there are a couple of regulations e. g. on spatial planning or environmental protection that companies need to comply with (need some more examples) (see 1. 1. 5). 1. 1. 8. Differentiation: There are opportunities for small companies to operate in niche markets, due to growth in awareness on healthy diets and organic food (Datamonitor, 2010). 2. 2 Bargaining Power of Suppliers This force represents the power of suppliers that can be influenced by major grocery chains and that fear of losing their business to the large supermarkets. Therefore, this consolidates further leading positions of stores like Tesco and Asda in negotiating better promotional prices from suppliers that small individual chains are unable to match Ritz (2005). In return, UK based suppliers are also threatened by the growing ability of large retailers to source their products from abroad at cheaper deals. The relationship with sellers can have similar effects in constraining the strategic freedom of the company and in influencing its margins. The forces of competitive rivalry have reduced the profit margins for supermarket chains and suppliers. . 3 Bargaining Power of Customers Porter theorized that the more products that become standardized or undifferentiated, the lower the switching cost, and hence, more power is yielded to buyers Porter M. (1980). Tesco’s famous loyalty card – Clubcard remains the most successful customer retention strategy that significantly increases the profitability of Tesco’s business. In meetin g customer needs, customizing service, ensure low prices, better choices, constant flow of in-store promotions enables brands like Tesco to control and retain their customer base. In recent years a crucial change in food retailing has occurred due to a large demand of consumers doing the majority of their shopping in supermarkets that shows a greater need for supermarkets to sell non-food items. It has also provided supermarkets with a new strategic expansion into new markets of banking, pharmacies, etc. Consumers also have become more aware of the issues surrounding fairer trade and the influence of western consumers on the expectations and aspirations of Third World producers. Ecologically benign and ethically sound production of consumer produce such as tea, coffee and cocoa is viable, and such products are now widely available at the majority of large chains. 2. 4 Threat of Substitutes General substitution is able to reduce demand for a particular product, as there is a threat of consumers switching to the alternatives Porter M. (1980). In the grocery industry this can be seen in the form of product-for-product or the substitute of need and is further weakened by new trends, such as the way small chains of convenience stores are emerging in the industry. In this case Tesco, Asda and Sainsbury’s are trying to acquire existing small-scale operations and opening Metro and Express stores in local towns and city centres Ritz (2005). 2. 5 Bargaining Power of Competitors The grocery environment has seen a very significant growth in the size and market dominance of the larger players, with greater store size, increased retailer concentration, and the utilisation of a range of formats, which are now prominent characteristics of the sector. As it was mentioned above, the purchasing power of the food-retailing industry is concentrated in the hands of a relatively small number of retail buyers. Operating in a mature, flat market where growth is difficult (a driver of the diversification into non-food areas), and consumers are increasingly demanding and sophisticated, large chains as Aldi are accruing large amounts of consumer information that can be used to communicate with the consumer Ritz (2005). This highly competitive market has fostered an accelerated level of development, resulting in a situation in which UK grocery retailers have had to be innovative to maintain and build market share. Such innovation can be seen in the development of a range of trading formats, in response to changes in consumer behaviour. The dominant market leaders have responded by refocusing on price and